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THE RED TURNIP BEETLE, ENTOMOSCELIS AMERICANA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE): DISTRIBUTION, TEMPERATURE ADAPTATIONS, AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

G.H. Gerber
G.H. Gerber
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
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Abstract

Most of the range of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, lies within the Western Cordillera and Interior Plains physiographic regions of North America between latitudes 45°N and 68°N. Entomoscelis americana is associated mainly with three types of vegetation: forests, forest–grasslands, and grasslands. Temperature adaptations in the egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages that permit E. americana to occupy its present range are outlined. Host plant abundance may be the main factor preventing eastward extension of its range. Climate and host plant abundance together appear to limit E. americana to low altitude locations north of 60°N latitude. Eight of the temperature adaptations of the egg and adult stages together seem to limit southward extension of the range. Entomoscelis Chevr. appears to have a Holarctic distribution, with 11 species in the Palearctic region and one (E. americana) in the Nearctic region. The stock giving rise to E. americana may have migrated to North America during the Pleistocene when the Bering land bridge was in existence. Entomoscelis americana likely spent the Wisconsinan glacial period south of the ice in the Western Cordillera and (or) in central United States.

Résumé

La majeure partie de l’aire de distribution du chrysomèle du navet, Entomoscelis americana Brown, se situe à l’intérieur des régions physiographiques de la Cordillière occidentale et des Plaines intérieures d’Amérique du Nord, soit entre 45° et 68° de latitude nord. Entomoscelis americana est principalement associé à trois types de végétation, soit la forêt, la forêt–prairie herbagère et prairie herbagère. L’ouvrage expose les adaptations à la température des stades oeuf, larve, pupe et adulte qui permettent à E. americana d’occuper son aire de distribution actuelle. L’abondance de la plante hôte pourrait être le facteur principal qui empêche l’extension vers l’est de son aire de distribution. Le climat et l’abondance de la plante hôte semblent limiter E. americana à des endroits situés à basse altitude au nord du 60° de latitude nord. Huit des adaptations à la température des stades oeuf et adulte semblent limiter ensemble l’extension vers le sud de l’aire de distribution. Entomoscelis Chevr. semble présenter une distribution holarctique avec 11 espèces dans la région paléarctique et une (E. americana) dans la région néarctique. La population qui a donné naissance à E. americana peut avoir migré en Amérique du Nord au cours du Pléistocène lorsque l’isthme paléogéographique de Béring existait. Il semble que Entomoscelis americana ait passé la période glaciaire du Wisconsin au sud de la calotte glaciaire dans la Cordillière occidentale et (ou) dans le centre des États-Unis.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 121 , Issue 4-5 , April 1989 , pp. 315 - 324
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1989

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