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REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENTAL PHENOLOGY OF IPS PERTURBATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) INHABITING WHITE SPRUCE (PINACEAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Ian C. Robertson
Ian C. Robertson
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
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Abstract

Three white spruces, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (30–35 cm diameter at breast height), felled in central Alberta, were colonized by Ips perturbatus (Eichhoff) beginning in late May 1999. The mean (±SE) density of breeding galleries on the trees was 217 ± 23/m2 (n = 30). Harem size ranged from one to four females per gallery, with a mean of 2.1 ± 0.6 (n = 90). Tunnel excavation and oviposition occurred primarily during the first 3 weeks after gallery initiation. Individual females laid 48.9 ± 2.5 eggs (n = 30) in galleries that reached 10.0 ± 0.3 cm in length (n = 45). Males assisted their mates by removing frass and woody debris from the tunnels. Males remained in their galleries for at least 1 week, although there was gradual attrition such that < 15% of males remained after 6 weeks. Large males abandoned their galleries sooner than small males. In contrast, females were present in almost half of the oviposition tunnels examined after 6 weeks, and there was no significant relationship between female size and residence time. Mortality from egg to adult was high (98%) during this 1-year study, likely a result of the intense crowding of galleries. Adult offspring were found beneath the bark in mid-July, although the main emergence did not begin until mid-September. Because such late emergence would be too late for these individuals to reproduce before winter, I conclude that I. perturbatus has only one generation per year in central Alberta.

Résumé

Cette étude détaille la biologie reproductrice et la phénologie du Scolyte de l’épinette, Ips perturbatus (Eichhoff), sur l’épinette blanche, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, dans le centre de l’Alberta. La colonisation par I. perturbatus des épinettes abattues (30–35 cm diamètre à hauteur poitrine) a débuté à la fin mai 1999. La densité moyenne (±ES) des galleries d’accouplement sur l’arbre était de 217 ± 23/m2 (n = 30). La taille des harems s’étendait d’une à quatre femelles par gallerie, avec une moyenne de 2,1 ± 0,6 (n = 90). L’excavation du tunnel et la ponte se sont principalement déroulées pendant les trois premières semaines après l’initiation des galleries. En moyenne, les femelles ont pondu 48,9 ± 2,5 oeufs (n = 30) dans des tunnels atteignants 10,0 ± 0,3 cm en longueur (n = 45). Les mâles ont assisté leurs femelles en enlevant les excréments et les débris ligneux des tunnels. Bien que les mâles sont restés dans leurs galleries pour au moins 1 semaine, une attrition générale a résulté en la présence de moins de 15% de ces mâles dans leurs galleries après 6 semaines. Les plus gros mâles ont abandonné leurs galleries plus tôt que les petits mâles. En revanche, les femelles étaient présentes dans près de la moitié des tunnels de ponte examinés après 6 semaines. Il n’y avait pas de relation entre la taille de la femelle et son temps de résidence. La mortalité d’oeuf à adulte était élevée (98%), possiblement dû à l’encombrement intense des galleries par les scolytes. Bien que des rejetons adultes ont été trouvés sous l’écorce à la mi-juillet, ils n’ont pas commencé à émerger avant la mi-septembre, date trop tardive pour qu’ils se reproduisent avant l’hiver. Donc, I. perturbatus n’a qu’une génération par année dans le centre de l’Alberta.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 132 , Issue 4 , August 2000 , pp. 529 - 537
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2000

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