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TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA F. (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE), ESTABLISHED BY THREE EVALUATION METHODS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

W. A. Charnetski
W. A. Charnetski
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
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Abstract

Three methods—tube chambers (ventilated and unventilated), petri dish chambers, and field cages—were used to evaluate the toxicity of deltamethrin, trichlorfon, and methoxychlor deposits on alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., to 1- to 7-day-old alfalfa leafcutter bees, Megachile rotundata (F.), 24 and 48 h after exposure. In unventilated tube chambers, all three insecticides were significantly toxic to male bees after 24 and 48 h, but only deltamethrin and trichlorfon were significantly toxic to female bees after 24 h. In ventilated tube chambers, only deltamethrin was significantly toxic by contact and then only to male bees at 24 h. Significant vapor action was observed only for trichlorfon and only in unventilated tube chambers. By the petri dish method, only deltamethrin caused significant mortality to male and female bees. However, bee mortality increased significantly between 24 and 48 h. By the field cage method, there was no significant difference in mortality among treatments and controls within the 24- and 48-h evaluations. Bee mortality in the controls was much higher in the petri dish and field cage methods than in either of the two variations of the tube chamber method. The three evaluation methods are compared and the need for a standardized laboratory evaluation procedure is discussed.

Résumé

Trois méthodes, des chambres tabulaires (ventilées et non ventilées), des boîtes de Pétri et des cages sur le terrain, ont servi à évaluer la toxicité de dépôts de deltaméthrine, de trichlorfon et de méthoxychlore sur la luzerne, Medicago sativa L., envers la découpeuse de la luzerne âgée de 1 à 7 jours, Megachile rotundata (F.), après 24 et 48 h d’exposition. Dans les chambres tabulaires non ventilées, les trois insecticides ont été significativement toxiques pour les mégachiles mâles au bout de 24 et 48 h, mais seulement la deltaméthrine et le trichlorfon ont été significativement toxiques pour les femelles au bout de 24 h. Dans les chambres tabulaires ventilées, seule la deltaméthrine s’est avérée significativement toxique par contact, et alors seulement pour les mâles au bout de 24 h. On a observé une action de vapeur significative seulement pour le trichlorfon et seulement dans les chambres tabulaires non ventilées. Pour ce qui est des boîtes de Pétri, seule la deltaméthrine a causé une mortalité significative chez les mâles et les femelles. Mais la mortalité a augmenté significativement entre 24 et 48 h. Pour ce qui est des cages sur le terrain, on n’observe aucune différence significative dans la mortalité entre les divers traitements et les témoins dans le cadre des évaluations de 24 à 48 h. La mortalité chez les témoins est beaucoup plus élevée pour les méthodes de boîtes de Pétri et de cages sur le terrain que pour les deux variations de la méthode des chambres tubulaires. L’auteur compare les trois méthodes d’évaluation et examine les besoins d’une méthode d’évaluation normalisée en laboratoire.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 120 , Issue 4 , April 1988 , pp. 297 - 305
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1988

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