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BIOSYSTEMATICS OF PISSODES GERMAR (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): FEEDING PREFERENCE AND BREEDING SITE SPECIFICITY OF P. STROBI AND P. APPROXIMATUS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Thomas W. Phillips  and
Gerald N. Lanier
Thomas W. Phillips
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse 13210
Gerald N. Lanier
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse 13210
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Abstract

Pissodes strobi (Peck) and P. approximatus Hopkins are sibling species that can produce fertile hybrids in the laboratory, but in nature they are isolated by differences in their breeding habits. In a laboratory assay for feeding preference, these species exhibited similar patterns of acceptance of most conifer hosts in the fall, but differed distinctly in their preferences for certain conifers in the spring. Both species had high levels of feeding on white spruce in the fall and spring tests, hut these data apparently do not reflect host preference in nature. In field tests, P. strobi males and females confined on 1-year-old terminal leaders of eastern white pine (their usual breeding sites) produced abundant progeny, whereas P. approximatus pairs confined on leaders produced few progeny. Mixed species pairs were successful in killing and breeding in white pine leaders when the females were P. strobi, but not when the females were P. approximatus. Laboratory-reared hybrids were unsuccessful when forced to breed in leaders. When confined on red pine bolts (the usual breeding sites of P. approximatus), P. strobi and hybrids produced substantially fewer progeny than did P. approximatus. Breeding site separation provides compelling evidence of reproductive isolation between these sympatric species.

Résumé

Pissodes strobi (Peck) et P. approximatus Hopkins sont des espèces jumelles pouvant produire des hybrides fertiles au laboratoire, mais en nature elles sont isolées par certaines différences dans leur comportemet reproducteur. Lors d'un test de préférence alimentaire au laboratoire, ces espèces ont montré des profils similaires d'acceptabilité pour la plupart des conifères hôtes en automne, mais leurs préférences pour certains conifères étaient très différentes au printemps. Les deux espèces ont montré des niveaux élevés d'alimentation sur l'épinette blanche en automne comme en hiver, mais ces données ne semblent pas conformes à leurs préférences naturelles. Lors de tests de terrain, des mâles et des femelles de P. strobi confinés à des pousses apicales du pin blanc âgées d'un an (sites habituels de reproduction) ont laissé une progéniture nombreuse, alors que des couples de P. approximatus confinés aux pousses apicales ont laissé peu de progéniture. Des couples mixtes ont tué et se sont reproduits sur des pousses apicales si la femelle était de P. strobi, mais non pas si la femelle était de P. approximatus. Des hybrides obtenus en laboratoire n'ont pas pu se reproduire lorsque confinés à des pousses apicales. Lorsque confinés à des billes de pin rouge (sites habituels de reproduction de P. approximatus), P. strobi ainsi que les hybrides ont produit beaucoup moins de progénitures que P. approximatus. La séparation du site de reproduction constitue une indication probante de l'existence d'isolement reproducteur entre ces espèces sympatriques.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 115 , Issue 12 , December 1983 , pp. 1627 - 1636
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1983

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