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DIAPAUSE TERMINATION AND MORPHOGENESIS OF HOLCOTHORAX TESTACEIPES RATZEBURG (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), AN INTRODUCED PARASITOID OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

T. Wang  and
J.E. Laing
T. Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
J.E. Laing
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Abstract

Low temperature is a major factor regulating diapause development in Holcothorax testaceipes Ratzeburg. Diapausing pupae required a cold period of 0°C, 5°C, or outdoor (≤0°C) for ca. 15 weeks to terminate diapause. The pupae required a further 21–27 days at 21°C for 50% emergence. Longer periods and higher temperatures of storage often were associated with shorter times of morphogenesis and duration of emergence. Percentage emergence of H. testaceipes was constant after various periods of cold storage at low temperatures. After storage at 0°C, pupae held at 21°C and a 16-h photophase reached 50% emergence sooner than those held at the same temperature but at a 12-h photophase. Photoperiod did not affect percentage or duration of emergence of the parasitoid. The threshold temperature for development of pupal H. testaceipes was estimated to be 9°C regardless of sex or host species. The thermal constant did not vary with sex of the parasitoids but differed significantly for H. testaceipes reared on Phyllonorycter ringoniella Matsumura (237 DD) and on Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.) (202 DD). Temperatures from 11 to 29°C did not affect percentage and duration of emergence from overwintered pupae, which were 75.5% and 2.4 days respectively, when reared on P. ringoniella, and 86.2% and 1.7 days respectively, on P. blancardella. These results suggest that H. testaceipes accepts P. blancardella as a host and will be synchronized with its development in Ontario.

Résumé

La froid est un facteur majeur de régulation de la diapause chez Holcothorax testaceipes Ratzeburg. Les pupes diapausantes ont besoin d’une période de froid à 0°C, 5°C ou à l’extérieur (≤0°C) d’environ 15 semaines afin d’induire la diapause. Un séjour pour une période plus longue ou à une température plus haute a raccourci la durée de morphogénèse ou d’émergence. Le pourcentage d’émergence de H. testaceipes n’a pas varié avec la durée du séjour au froid. Après un séjour à 0°C, les pupes maintenues à 21°C sous 16 h de photophase ont atteint le 50% d’émergence plus tôt que celles maintenues à la même température sous 12 h de photophase. La photopériode n’a pas affecté le pourcentage ou la durée d’émergence du parasitoïde. Le seuil thermique de développement des pupes a été estimé à 9°C sans égard au sexe ou à l’espèce d’hôte. La constante thermique n’a pas varié en fonction du dexe du parasitoïde, mais différait significativement entre l’hôte Phyllonorycter ringoniella Matsumura (237 DJ) et P. blancardella (F.) (202 DJ). La température entre 11 et 29°C n’a pas affecté le pourcentage et la durée d’émergence des pupes d’hivernement, dont les valeurs étaient de 75,5% et 2,4 jours sur P. ringoniella et de 86,2% et 1,7 jour sur P. blancardella. Ces résultats indiquent que H. testaceipes accepte P. blancardella comme hôte et que la synchronie de son développement avec cet hôte sera bonne en Ontario.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 121 , Issue 1 , January 1989 , pp. 65 - 74
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1989

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