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Domestication of wheats (Gramineae) and their susceptibility to herbivory by Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

I.L. Wise ,
R.J. Lamb  and
M.A.H. Smith
I.L. Wise
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
R.J. Lamb*
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
M.A.H. Smith
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed (E-mail: Rlamb@cm.agr.ca).
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Abstract

In field and laboratory tests the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), oviposited and developed on all 43 accessions of 17 species of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheats, Triticum L. spp. Ancestral diploid wild wheats had the lowest infestations among species in the genus, and two hexaploid species, Triticum sphaerococcum Percival and Triticum zhukovskyi Men. and Er., were more heavily infested than common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. In five lineages recognized in the genus, infestation increased in association with domestication, although not always in a continuous way. The level of infestation was not related to seed size or the number of seeds in spikes. Wheat species with free-threshing seeds and compact spikes were more infested by larvae than ancestral wheat species with less compact spikes and glumes that were either affixed to or pressed tightly against the seed. An association between glume tightness and spike compactness may explain the positive correlation between susceptibility and spike compactness. Domestication increased the susceptibility of crop wheats to wheat midge, possibly because the free-threshing trait affects the suitability of the glume–seed interface for oviposition and establishment of larvae on the seeds. The ancestral cultivated wheats, Triticum spelta L. and Triticum dicoccoides Körn., are promising sources of resistance to wheat midge because they have the same genomes as modern wheats and relatively low susceptibility. One free-threshing accession of Triticum dicoccum Schrank had relatively low susceptibility to wheat midge and may provide a source of resistance.

Résumé

Au cours de tests sur le terrain et en laboratoire, des Cécidomyies du blé, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), ont réussi à pondre et à se développer sur chacune des 43 accessions de 17 espèces de blés diploïdes, tétraploïdes, et hexaploïdes Triticum spp. L. Ce sont les espèces diploïdes ancestrales de blé sauvage qui ont les taux d’infestation les plus bas de toutes les espèces du genre, et deux espèces hexaploïdes, T. sphaerococcum Percival et T. zhukovskyi Men. et Er., ont des taux d’infestation plus élevés que le blé commun T. aestivum L. Chez cinq lignées reconnues au sein du genre, l’infestation augmente avec la domestication, mais pas nécessairement de façon continue. Le degré d’infestation n’est pas relié à la taille des graines, ni au nombre de graines dans les épis. Les espèces de blé à graines libres au battage et à épis compacts sont plus infestées par les larves que l’espèce ancestrale qui possède des épis moins compacts et des glumes qui sont rattachées aux graines ou compressées contre elles. Un rapport entre la solidité de l’attachement des glumes et la compacité des épis pourrait expliquer la corrélation positive entre la vulnérabilité et la compacité des épis. La domestication augmente la vulnérabilité des blés de culture à la Cécidomyie du blé, peut-être parce que la possession de graines libres au battage augmente la vulnérabilité de l’interface glumes-graines à la ponte et à la colonisation des graines par les larves. Les blés cultivés ancestraux T. spelta L. et T. dicoccoides Körn. sont des sources de résistance à la cécidomyie parce qu’ils possèdent les mêmes génomes que les blés modernes et sont relativement peu vulnérables. Une accession de T. dicoccum Schrank à graines libres au battage s’est montrée peu vulnérable aux infestations et est peut-être aussi une source de résistance.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 133 , Issue 2 , April 2001 , pp. 255 - 267
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2001

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