Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-68ccn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T01:48:59.889Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

LABORATORY FLOW-THROUGH BIOASSAYS OF FOUR FORESTRY INSECTICIDES AGAINST STREAM INVERTEBRATES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D.G. Poirier  and
G.A. Surgeoner
D.G. Poirier
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
G.A. Surgeoner
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Continuous-flow laboratory bioassays were used to assess the acute toxicities of four formulated insecticides to representative stream invertebrates. Toxicities (48-h LC50) ranged from 3.2 to 7.4 μg/L for permethrin, from 39 to 269 μg/L for fenitrothion, from 478 to 2863 μg/L for aminocarb, and from 99 to 492 μg/L for mexacarbate. Slopes of the probit lines were similar for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (fenitrothion, aminocarb, and mexacarbate), but slightly lower for permethrin. All test species responded to all of the insecticides at concentrations of 0.25 μg/L for permethrin, 10 μg/L for fenithrothion, and 25 μg/L for aminocarb and mexacarbate by drifting in the test chambers.

Résumé

La toxicité aiguë de quatre formulations insecticides a été déterminée pour des invertébrés représentatifs du milieu lotique. Les tests ont été effectués en conditions de remplacement continu. Les toxicités observées, en terme de CL50 48 h, variaient entre 3,2 et 7,4 μg/L pour la permethrine, 39 et 269 μg/L pour le fénitrothion, 478 et 2863 μg/L pour l’aminocarbe et 99 et 492 μg/L pour le mexacarbate. Concernant les inhibiteurs de cholinesterases (fénitrothion, aminocarbe et mexacarbate), les pentes de régression probit étaient comparables, dans le cas de la permethrine, les pentes de régression étaient moins raides. Toutes les espèces étudiées ont été affectées, en terme de dérive, aux concentrations de 0,25 μg/L de permethrine, 10 μg/L fénitrothion et 25 μg/L aminocarbe et mexacarbate.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 119 , Issue 9 , September 1987 , pp. 755 - 763
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, R.L. 1982. Toxicity of fenvalerate and permethrin to several non-target aquatic invertebrates. Environ. Ent. 11: 1251–1257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bean, J.L., and Waters, W.E.. 1961. Spruce budworm in the eastern United States. USDA For. Serv., Forest Pest Leaflet 58. 5 pp.Google Scholar
Buckner, C.H. 1974. The biological side effects of fenitrothion in forest ecosystems. Chem. Contr. Res. Inst. Rep. CC-X-67. Ottawa. 29 pp.Google Scholar
Buckner, C.H., McLeod, B.B., and Kingsbury, P.D.. 1975. Studies of the impact of the carbamate insecticide Matacil on the components of forest ecosystems. Chem. Contr. Res. Inst. Rep. CC-X-91. Ottawa. 30 pp.Google Scholar
Doe, K.G., Parker, W.R., Ernst, W.R., and Horne, W.H.. 1983. Studies on the toxicity of Matacil 180F concentrate, its formulations, and their components to aquatic fauna. Environ. Protection Serv. Surveillance Rep. EPS-5-AR-83-1. Dartmouth. 45 pp.Google Scholar
Draper, N.R., and Smith, H.. 1966. Applied regression analysis. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY. pp. 38–40.Google Scholar
Eidt, D.C. 1975. The effect of fenitrothion from large scale forest spraying on benthos in New Brunswick headwater streams. Can. Ent. 107: 743–760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eidt, D.C. 1981. Recovery of aquatic arthropod populations in a woodland stream after depletion by fenitrothion treatment. Can. Ent. 113: 303–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eidt, D.C. 1985. Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki to aquatic insects. Can. Ent. 117: 829–837.Google Scholar
Elliott, J.M. 1971. The distances travelled by drifting invertebrates in a Lake District stream. Oecologi. 6: 191–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ernst, B., Julien, G., Doe, K., and Parker, R.. 1980. Environmental investigations of the 1980 spruce budworm spray program in New Brunswick. Environ. Protection Serv. Surveillance Rep. EPS-5-AR-81-3. Dartmouth. 46 pp.Google Scholar
Gaugler, R., and Molloy, D.. 1980. Feeding inhibition in blackfly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) and its effects on the pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. Environ. Ent. 9: 704–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, S.B. 1979. Aquatic impact studies of a spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens) control program in the lower St. Lawrence region of Quebec in 1978. Forest Pest. Manag. Inst. Rep. FPM-X-55. Sault Ste. Marie. 34 pp.Google Scholar
Holmes, S.B., and Kingsbury, P.D.. 1982. Comparative effects of 3 Matacil(R) field formulations on stream benthos and fish. Forest Pest Manag. Inst. Rep. FPM-X-55. Sault Ste. Marie. 51 pp.Google Scholar
Hubert, J.J. 1984. Bioassay. Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Toronto. 164 pp.Google Scholar
Hubert, J.J., and Schoch, J.P.. 1984. Probit: An interactive program in BASIC for probit analysis. Univ. of Guelph Statistical Ser. 1984–160. Guelph. 18 pp.Google Scholar
Hynes, H.B.N. 1970. The ecology of running waters. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. 555 pp.Google Scholar
Johnson, W.W., and Finley, M.T.. 1980. Handbook of acute toxicity of chemicals to fish and aquatic invertebrates. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Res. Publ. 137. 98 pp.Google Scholar
Khan, B.A. 1984. Livestock insect pests in Alberta (black fly control in Athabaska). Report to Expert Committee on Insect Pests of Animals (C.A.S.C.C.) 12th Annual Meeting. 2 pp.Google Scholar
Kingsbury, P.D. 1976. Studies of the impact of aerial applications of the synthetic pyrethroid NRDC-143 on aquatic ecosystems. Chem. Contr. Res. Inst. Info. Rep. CC-X-127. Ottawa. 43 pp.Google Scholar
Kingsbury, P.D. 1984. Environmental concerns relating to spruce budworm control efforts. In The Spruce Budworm and Our Future Forest. Proc. 17th Lakehead Univ. Forestry Assoc. Symp. Thunder Bay. 11 pp.Google Scholar
Kingsbury, P.D., and Kreutzweiser, D.P.. 1980. Environmental impact assessment of semioperational permethrin applications. Forest Pest Manag. Inst. Rep. FPM-X-30. Sault Ste. Marie. 47 pp.Google Scholar
Kreutzweiser, D.P., and Kingsbury, P.D.. 1982. Recovery of stream benthos and its utilization by native fish following high dosage permethrin applications. Forest Pest Manag. Inst. Rep. FPM-X-59. Sault Ste. Marie. 18 pp.Google Scholar
McDonald, R.C., Solomon, K.R., Surgeoner, G.A., and Harris, C.R.. 1985. Laboratory studies on the mechanics of resistance to permethrin of a field selected strain of house flies. Pestic. Sci. 16: 10–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McEwen, F.L., and Stephenson, G.R.. 1979. The use and significance of pesticides in the environment. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Toronto. 538 pp.Google Scholar
McLeese, D.W. 1976. Fenitrothion toxicity to the freshwater crayfish Orconectes limosus. Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 16: 411–416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrit, R.W., and Cummins, K.W.. 1984. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America, 2nd ed. Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. 722 pp.Google Scholar
Mobay Chemical Corporation. 1984. Macacil insecticide: technical information. Mobay Chemical Corp., Agric. Chem. Div., Kansas City, MO. 5 pp.Google Scholar
Morin, R., Gaboury, G., and Mamarbachi, G.. 1986. Fenitrothion and aminocarb residues in water and balsam fir foliage following spruce budworm spraying programs in Quebec, 1979 to 1982. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 36: 622–628.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muirhead-Thomson, R.C. 1978. Lethal and behavioral impact of permethrin (NRDC-143) on selected stream macroinvertebrates. Mosq. News 38: 829–837.Google Scholar
National Research Council of Canada. 1977. Fenitrothion: long-term effects of its use in forest ecosystems. Associate Committee on Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality Publ. 16073. Ottawa. 628 pp.Google Scholar
National Research Council of Canada. 1982. Aminocarb: the effects of its use on the forest and the human environment. Associate Committee on Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality Publ. 18979. Ottawa. 253 pp.Google Scholar
National Research Council of Canada. 1986. Pyrethroids: their effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Associate Committee on Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality Publ. 24376. Ottawa. 303 pp.Google Scholar
Otvos, I.S., and Moody, B.H.. 1978. The spruce budworm in Newfoundland: history, status and control. Nfld. For. Res. Centre Info. Rep. N-X-150. 76 pp.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, C.S., and Kaushik, N.K.. 1984. A bioassay apparatus for the evaluation of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvicides. Can. Ent. 116: 75–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmitt, D.M., Grimble, D.G., and Searcy, J.L.. 1984. Spruce budworms handbook: Managing the spruce budworm in eastern North America. U.S.D.A. Agric. Handbook. 620. 192 pp.Google Scholar
Schoettger, R.A., and Mauck, W.L.. 1976. Toxicity of experimental forest insecticides to fish and aquatic invertebrates. US-USSR Symposium on Methods to Control Water Pollution. 21 pp.Google Scholar
Schwenneker, B.W., and Hellenthal, R.A.. 1984. Sampling considerations in using stream insects for monitoring water quality. Environ. Ent. 13: 741–750.Google Scholar
Sprague, J.B., and Fogels, A.. 1977. Watch the Y in bioassay. Environ. Protection Serv. Tech. Rep. EPS-5-AR-77-1. pp. 107–118.Google Scholar
Steele, R.D.G., and Torrie, J.H.. 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics: a biometrical approach, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Toronto. 633 pp.Google Scholar
Symons, P.K.E., and Metcalfe, J.L.. 1978. Mortality, recovery and survival of larval Brachycentrus numerosus (Trichoptera) after exposure to the insecticide fenitrothion. Can. J. Zool. 56: 1284–1290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varty, I.W. 1978. 1977 environmental surveillance of insecticide spray operations in New Brunswick's budworm infested forests. Maritime Forest Res. Centre Rep. No. M-X-87. Fredericton. 24 pp.Google Scholar
Waters, T.F. 1972. The drift of stream insects. Annu. Rev. Ent. 17: 253–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wildish, D.J., and Phillips, R.L.. 1972. Acute lethality of fenitrothion to freshwater aquatic invertebrates. Fish Res. Board Can. M.S. Rep. 2010. 10 pp.Google Scholar