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Multiannual infestation patterns of grapevine plant inhabiting Scaphoideus titanus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) leafhoppers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 September 2013

Ivo E. Rigamonti ,
Valeria Trivellone ,
Mauro Jermini ,
Daniele Fuog  and
Johann Baumgärtner
Ivo E. Rigamonti*
Affiliation:
DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano. Via G. Celoria, 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy
Valeria Trivellone
Affiliation:
Research Station Agroscope Changins – Wädenswil ACW, Centro di Ricerca di Cadenazzo (TI). A Ramél, 18, CH-6593 Cadenazzo, Switzerland
Mauro Jermini
Affiliation:
Research Station Agroscope Changins – Wädenswil ACW, Centro di Ricerca di Cadenazzo (TI). A Ramél, 18, CH-6593 Cadenazzo, Switzerland
Daniele Fuog
Affiliation:
Syngenta Crop Protection AG. Postfach 4002 Basel, Switzerland
Johann Baumgärtner
Affiliation:
Center for the Analysis of Sustainable Agricultural Systems (CASAS), Kensington (CA) 94707 United States of America
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: ivo.rigamonti@unimi.it).
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Abstract

The Nearctic leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) was accidentally introduced in Europe, where it became the vector of the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis’ phytoplasma causing the ‘Flavescence dorée’ disease of grapevine plants. A time-varying distributed delay model, simulating the successive occurrences of egg hatching, nymph presence, and adult emergence, is extended here to represent multi-generation infestation patterns of grapevine plants inhabited by eggs, nymphs, and adults. The model extension includes intrinsic mortality, mortality caused by plant dormancy, and low temperatures, development of diapausing and post-diapausing eggs, fecundity rates, and adult longevity. Field observations and published data were used to estimate parameters. The model was validated with five years canopy infestation data from five vineyards not subjected to insecticide treatments and found to have satisfactory explicative and predictive qualities. The model output is most sensitive to a 10% variation in the upper threshold and in the shape parameters of the survivorship function and least sensitive to a 10% variation in the shape parameters of the development function and the survivorship level. Recommendations are made to take into account other factors than temperature and plant phenology and include a wider geographical area in further model development.

Résumé

La cicadelle néarctique Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) a été introduite accidentellement en Europe dans les années ‘50, où elle est devenue le vecteur du « Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis » responsable de la maladie de Flavescence dorée de la vigne. Un modèle de délai distribué dans le temps (time-varying distributed delay model), simulant les évènements successifs des éclosions, de la présence des stades juvéniles et de l’émergence des adultes, a été étendu pour représenter les niveaux d'infestation multi-générationnels de la vigne colonisée par des œufs, des nymphes et des adultes. L'extension du modèle inclut la mortalité intrinsèque, la mortalité causée par la dormance de la plante et les basses températures, le développement des œufs diapausants et post-diapausants, les taux de fécondité et la longévité des adultes. Les observations au champ et les données publiées ont servi de base pour l'estimation des paramètres du modèle. Le modèle a été validé avec les données de cinq années d'infestation de la haie foliaire de cinq vignobles sans traitements insecticides et il a montré des qualités explicatives et prédictives satisfaisantes. Le résultat du modèle est plus sensible à une variation de 10% dans le seuil supérieur et dans les paramètres de forme de la fonction de survie et moins sensible à une variation de 10% dans les paramètres de forme de la fonction de développement et du niveau de survie. Des recommandations sont faites pour prendre en compte d'autres facteurs que la température et la phénologie de la plante et inclure un plus large éventail de zones géographiques pour un développement ultérieur du modèle.

Type
Insect Management
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 146 , Issue 1 , February 2014 , pp. 67 - 79
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2013 

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Footnotes

Subject editor: Rob Johns

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