Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T09:12:25.034Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

NINHYDRIN-POSITIVE SUBSTANCE ANALYSIS OF LARVAL HEMOLYMPH OF THE EASTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER, LAMBDINA FISCELLARIA FISCELLARIA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) AND GROWTH OF ENTOMOPHTHORA EGRESSA PROTOPLASTS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Gary B. Dunphy
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland
Richard A. Nolan
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland
Imre S. Otvos
Affiliation:
Newfoundland Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, St. John's, Newfoundland

Abstract

A ninhydrin-positive substance analysis of fourth instar larval hemolymph of the eastern hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guenée), was conducted. Two separate larval populations were reared on a defined diet during the early stages and later on fresh, young balsam fir foliage. The results indicated the presence of at least 38 compounds. L-glutamine and(or) L-asparagine, L-histidine, and L-lysine occurred at high concentrations (> 5000 nM/ml). Ammonia, L-arginine, L-threonine, L-serine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-tyrosine, and L-phenylalanine occurred at intermediate levels (1000–5000 nM/ml). The current report of the presence of L-1-methylhistidine and L-3-methylhistidine is the second report of any methylated derivative of histidine in insect hemolymph. The results of the analytical study were used to modify the composition of Grace’s insect tissue culture medium which had previously been found to support growth of protoplasts of the looper pathogen Entomophthora egressa MacLeod and Tyrrell. Fungal growth indicated a shorter generation time (4.7 h) on the medium modified to more closely approximate the looper hemolymph as compared with the generation time (6.2 h) on Grace’s medium.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1977

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Boctor, I. Z. and Salem, S. I.. 1973. Free amino acids of the haemolymph of the cotton leaf-worm, Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 45B: 785790.Google Scholar
Carroll, W. J. 1956. History of the hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guen.), (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Newfoundland, and notes on its biology. Can. Ent. 88: 587599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, P. S. 1966. Amino acid and protein metabolism in insect development, pp. 53132. In Advances in insect physiology. Vol. 3. Edited by Beament, J. W. L., Treherne, J. E. and Wigglesworth, V. B.. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Florkin, M. 1959. The free amino acids of insect hemolymph, pp. 6373. In Biochemistry of insects. Edited by Levenbook, L.. Pergamon Press, New York.Google Scholar
Gagnon, J. D. 1966. Free amino-acid content in needles of Abies balsamea and Picea mariana growing on different sites. Nature, Lond. 212: 844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grace, T. D. C. 1962. Establishment of four strains of cells from insect tissues grown in vitro. Nature, Lond. 195: 788789.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grace, T. D. C. 1966. Establishment of a line of mosquito (Aedes aegypti L.) cells grown in vitro. Nature, Lond. 211: 366367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kawase, S. 1965. Free amino acids in the hemolymph and midgut epithelium of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Linnaeus), infected with cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. J. invert. Path. 7: 113116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levenbook, L. 1950. The composition of horse bot fly (Gastrophilus intestinalis) larva blood. Biochem. J. 47: 336346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McMorran, A. 1965. A synthetic diet for the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 97: 5862.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meister, A. 1965. Biochemistry of the amino acids. Vol. 1. 2nd ed. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Müller-Kögler, E. 1959. Zur Isolierung und Kultur insekten-pathogener Entomophthoraceen. Entomophaga 4: 261274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nolan, R. A., Dunphy, G. B., and MacLeod, D. M.. 1976. In vitro germination of Entomophthora egressa resting spores. Can. J. Bot. 54: 11311134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otvos, I. S. 1973. Biological control agents and their role in the population fluctuation of the eastern hemlock looper in Newfoundland. Newfoundland Forest Research Centre, St. John's. Inf. Rep. N-X-102. 34 pp.Google Scholar
Otvos, I. S., Clark, R. C., and Clarke, L. J., 1971. The hemlock looper in Newfoundland: The outbreak, 1966 to 1971; and aerial spraying, 1968 and 1969. Newfoundland Forest Research Centre, St. John's. Inf. Rep. N-X-68. 62 pp.Google Scholar
Otvos, I. S., MacLeod, D. M., and Tyrrell, D.. 1973. Two species of Entomophthora pathogenic to the eastern hemlock looper (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Newfoundland. Can. Ent. 105: 14351441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samokhvalova, G. V. and Zakhvatkina, V. G.. 1970. Free amino acids of the hemolymph of silkworms (Bombyx mori L.) being fed mulberry leaves of different ages. Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol. 6: 106110.Google Scholar
Sokal, R. R. and Rohlf, F. J.. 1969. Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. Freeman, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Tyrrell, D. and MacLeod, D. M.. 1972. Spontaneous formation of protoplasts by a species of Entomophthora. J. invert. Path. 19: 354360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villeneuve, J.-L. 1962. Influence du régime alimentaire sur la concentration en acides aminés non protéiques dans l'hémolymphe des larves âgées d'Agria affinis (Fall.). J. Insect Physiol. 8: 585588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wyatt, G. R., Lougheed, T. C., and Wyatt, S. S.. 1956. The chemistry of insect hemolymph. Organic components of the hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and two other species. J. gen. Physiol. 39: 853868.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed