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Security, Sovereignty, and Non-State Governance “From Below”

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2014

John Lea  and
Kevin Stenson
John Lea
Affiliation:
Crime and Conflict Research Centre, Middlesex University (London), Queensway, Enfield, Middlesex, EN3 4SA,United Kingdom, email: j.lea@mdx.ac.uk
Kevin Stenson
Affiliation:
Crime and Conflict Research Centre, Middlesex University (London), Queensway, Enfield, Middlesex, EN3 4SA,United Kingdom, email: K.Stenson@mdx.ac.uk
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Abstract

Governmentality scholars document the new, pluralistic, post-Keynesian modes of public governance linking State and non State agencies. This emphasis on “governance from above” needs to be complemented by a focus on “governance from below” by non State actors, especially in urban areas. “Governance from below” may involve actors ranging from commercial organisations and citizens' initiatives, to organised crime and paramilitary networks operating as sites beyond the jurisdiction of sovereign law and public authorities within and between countries. In both rich and poor countries these may be antagonistic to but may also become enrolled in forms of public governance. This paper challenges the view that governance from below fills the vacuum left by the retreat of the central nation State. Rather, these developments signify complex forms of re-articulation of relations of governance from above and below, which may at times strengthen the legal authority of the central State.

Résumé

Les chercheurs en gouvernementalité explorent les nouveaux modes post-keynesiens et pluralistes de la gouverne publique en articulant les organismes étatiques et non-étatiques. L'insistance sur la «gouvernance d'en haut» doit être complétée, notamment dans les espaces urbains, par celle dévolue à la «gouvernance d'en bas» par des acteurs non-étatiques. La «gouvernance d'en bas» peut impliquer des acteurs allant d'associations commerciales et d'initiatives populaires au crime organisé et aux réseaux paramilitaires opérant dans les villes, au-delà de la souveraineté de l'État, au sein et entre les nations. Dans les pays riches et pauvres, de telles pratiques peuvent être conflictuelles mais peuvent aussi être inscrites dans des formes de gouverne publique. Cet article conteste l'idée que la gouvernance d'en bas comble un vide laissé par le désengagement de l'État-nation. Ces développements témoignent plutôt de complexes formes de réarticulation de la gouvernance d'en haut comme d'en bas, qui peuvent parfoir renforcer l'autorité légale de l'État.

Type
Urban Governance and Legality from Below/Gouvernance Urbaine et Légalité d'en Bas
Information
Canadian Journal of Law and Society / La Revue Canadienne Droit et Société , Volume 22 , Issue 2 , August 2007 , pp. 9 - 27
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Law and Society Association 2007

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