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Développement de la parole et émergence de la structure prosodique chez l’enfant : une étude de l’accent d’emphase en français

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2016

Lucie Ménard  and
Mélanie Thibeault
Lucie Ménard
Affiliation:
Université du Québec à Montréal
Mélanie Thibeault
Affiliation:
Université du Québec à Montréal
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Abstract

This article presents the results of a study on articulatory and acoustical correlates of contrastive focus in French in five children aged 4 and 5 and five adults. The speakers repeated the sequence [baba] in two prosodic contexts: neutral conditions and contrastive focus. The acoustic signal and the trajectories of three sensors placed on the subjects’ upper lip, lower lip, and chin were recorded using an Optotrak system. Articulatory movements were analyzed for the two syllables in the sequence, in each of the two prosodic conditions. Formant measurements, sound intensity, fundamental frequency, and acoustic duration of the segments were also extracted from the acoustic signal. The results show that the effects of contrastive focus are smaller in the children than the adult speakers. The results are interpreted in light of recent theories on the emergence of spoken language in children.

Résumé

Résumé

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude sur les corrélats articulatoires et acoustiques de l’accent d’emphase en français chez cinq enfants âgés de 4 et 5 ans et cinq adultes. Les locuteurs avaient pour tâche de répéter la séquence [baba] dans deux contextes prosodiques : en condition neutre et sous emphase contrastive. Le signal acoustique et les trajectoires de trois senseurs posés sur la lèvre supérieure, la lèvre inférieure et le menton des sujets ont été enregistrés à l’aide d’un système Optotrak. Les déplacements des articulateurs ont été analysés pour les deux syllabes de la séquence, dans chacune des deux conditions prosodiques. Les mesures formantiques, l’intensité sonore, la fréquence fondamentale et la durée acoustique des segments ont également été extraites du signal acoustique. Les résultats montrent que les effets de l’emphase contrastive sont moins grands chez ces locuteurs enfants par rapport aux locuteurs adultes. Les résultats sont interprétés à la lumière des théories récentes sur l’émergence de la parole chez l’enfant.

Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique , Volume 54 , Issue 1 , March 2009 , pp. 117 - 136
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Linguistic Association/Association canadienne de linguistique 2009 

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