Le soi-distant « article défini » forme un paradigme naturel avec les « adjectifs et pronoms démonstratifs » si l’on considère leur fonctionnement en syntaxe de profondeur. Dans ce paradigme des adjectifs anaphoriques il faut inclure également le soi-disant « pronom personnel de 3e personne » et ses variantes du génitif: « l’adjectif et pronom possessif de 3e personne ».

There is a widely accepted fiction that anything printed in a dictionary has, by virtue of its presence there, a kind of divine authority. Thus lexicographers are sometimes called as expert witnesses in courts of law, and dictionaries themselves can be used in evidence. Professor Daniel Cook has based an interesting article on a case in Maryland in 1913, in which a man was charged on the complaint of a young woman that he had accosted her with the greeting, “Hello, chicken.” The defendant stated that chicken was “a perfectly proper term. Just look in Webster’s dictionary and you will find that I have transgressed no laws.” The magistrate found an antiquated copy of Webster in his desk and read, “Chicken—The young of various birds, a child, a young woman.”

Un modèle psycho-linguistique adéquat de la grammaire doit rendre compte de l’apprentissage des structures grammaticales (point de vue diachronique) et de l’encodage et du décodage de ces structures (point de vue séquentiel). Le premier est un problème d’ordre génétique, le deuxième d’ordre fonctionnel; notre discussion sera axée sur cette distinction.

It is the purpose of this article to show the social status of monolinguals of Indian languages in what roughly corresponds to Middle America, as well as to indicate how the salient features of interference on the Spanish spoken in that same area seem to clearly indicate a good basis for the social stratification of the people. Yucatan being the Mexican State with the highest percentage of bilinguals (even higher than Guatemala), it offers, on the one hand, an excellent example for the study of language contact, and, on the other—a field considerably neglected—the effect of this linguistic phenomenon on social stratification, together with the further biological implications it involves.