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Autoimmune Encephalopathies and Epilepsies in Children and Teenagers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Lily C. Wong-Kisiel ,
Andrew McKeon  and
Elaine C. Wirrell
Lily C. Wong-Kisiel
Affiliation:
Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
Andrew McKeon
Affiliation:
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
Elaine C. Wirrell*
Affiliation:
Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
*
Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; 200 First Street, SW; Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA.
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Abstract

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Recognition of autoimmune encephalopathies and epilepsies in children and teenagers with acute or subacute onset of central nervous system dysfunction, through detection of the pertinent antibody on serum or cerebral spinal fluid, or through a response to immunotherapy may lead to an early diagnosis, and thus expedited implementation of immunotherapy and improved neurological outcome. The epidemiology of pediatric autoimmune encephalopathy and epilepsy is not well established, but advances in disease-specific biomarker discovery have lead to identification of disorders with either a cytotoxic T cell mediated pathogenesis or (more recently) possible autoantibody mediated disorders. This review summarizes the clinical presentations and recommended evaluations and treatment of pediatric epileptic encephalopathy suspected to be of autoimmune etiology.

Type
Review Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 39 , Issue 2 , March 2012 , pp. 134 - 144
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2012

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