Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-68ccn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T15:13:55.642Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Physiology of the Basal Ganglia: An Overview

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

Robert G. Lee*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The major anatomical connections of the basal ganglia are reviewed, emphasizing the inputs to the striatum and efferent projections from the major output nuclei, the internal segment of globus pallidus and the pars reticulata of substantia nigra. The results from lesioning experiments, electrical stimulation, and chronic recording of single neuron activity have provided a wealth of data concerning the physiology of the basal ganglia. Although the deficits resulting from disease of the basal ganglia are well recognized, the specific role which these structures play in the control of normal movements remains speculative.

Type
2. Physiology of the Basal Ganglia and Pathophysiology of Parkinson’s Disease
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1984

References

Carpenter, MB, Whittier, JR, Mettler, FA (1950) Analysis of choreoid hyperkinesia in the rhesus monkey. Surgical and pharmacological analysis of hyperkinesia resulting from lesions of the subthalamic nucleus of Luys. J. Comp. Neurol. 92:293331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cook, JD, Brown, JD (1979) Increased dependence on visual information for arm movement in patients with Parkinson’s disease. In The Extra Pyramidal System and Its Disorders, edited by Poirier, LJ, Sourkes, TL, Bedard, PJ.Raven Press, New York, pp. 185189.Google Scholar
Delong, MR (1971) Activity of pallidal neurons during movement. J. Neurophysiol. 34:414427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delong, MR (1973) Putamen: activity of single units during slow and rapid arm movements. Science 179:12401242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delong, MR, Georgopoulos, AP (1979) Motor function of the basal ganglia as revealed by studies of single cell activity in the behaving primate. Adv. Neurol. 24:131140.Google Scholar
Delong, MR, Georgopoulos, AP (1981) Motor functions of the basal ganglia. In Handbook of Physiol. Section I, Vol. II. Motor Control, edited by Brooks, VB, Amer. Physiol. Society, pp. 10171061.Google Scholar
Hore, J, Vilis, T (1980) Arm movement performance during reversible basal ganglia lesions in the monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 39:217228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iansek, R, Porter, R (1980) The monkey globus pallidus: neuronal discharge properties in relation to movement. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 301:439455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jungberg, TI, Ungerstedt, U (1976) Sensory inattention produced by 6-hydroxydopamine induced degeneration of ascending dopamine neurons. Exp. Neurol. 53:585600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitai, ST (1981) Electrophysiology of the corpus striatum and brain stem integrating system. In Handbook of Physiol. Section I, Vol. II. Motor Control, edited by Brooks, VB, Amer. Physiol. Society, pp. 9971015.Google Scholar
Künzle, H (1975) Bilateral projections from precentral motor cortex to the putamen and other parts of the basal ganglia: an autoradiographic study in Macaca fascicularis. Brain Res. 88:195209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marsden, CD (1982) The mysterious motor function of the basal ganglia: the Robert Wartenberg lecture. Neurology 32:514539.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nieoullon, A, Kerkerian, L, Dusticier, N (1983) Presynaptic controls in the neostriatum: reciprocal interactions between the nigro-strial dopaminergic neurons and the cortico-striatal glutamatergic pathway. In Neural Coding of Motor Performance, edited by Massion, J.et al., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 5465.Google Scholar
Öberg, RGE, Divac, I (1979) “Cognitive” functions of the neostriatum. In The Neostriatum, edited by Divac, I, Öberg, RGE.Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 291313.Google Scholar
Penney, JB Jr, Young, AB (1983) Speculations on the functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 6:7394.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poirier, LJ (1971) The development of animal models for studies in Parkinson’s disease. In Recent Advances in Parkinson’s Disease, edited by McDowell, FH, Markham, CH, Davis, FA, Philadelphia, pp. 83117.Google Scholar
Tracey, DJ, Asanuma, C, Jones, EG, Porter, R (1980) Thalamic relay to motor cortex: afferent pathways from brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord in monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 44:532544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed