Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-m42fx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-19T12:17:23.890Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

W.R. Wayne Martin  and
Marguerite Wieler
W.R. Wayne Martin
Affiliation:
Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
Marguerite Wieler
Affiliation:
Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that demands a holistic approach to treatment. Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions play an important role in the comprehensive management of this disorder. While levodopa remains the single most effective medication for symptomatic treatment, dopamine agonists are playing an increasingly important role. Motor complications of dopaminergic therapy are a significant issue, particularly in patients with more advanced disease who have been on levodopa for several years. All therapeutic interventions must be tailored to the individual and modified as the disease progresses, with the goal of minimizing significant functional disability as much as possible.

Résumé

RÉSUMÉ

La maladie de Parkinson est une maladie neurodégénératrice progressive dont le traitement nécessite une approche holistique. Les interventions tant pharmacologiques que non pharmacologiques jouent un rôle important dans la prise en charge de cette maladie. Bien que la lévodopa demeure la pierre angulaire du traitement symptomatique, les agonistes de la dopamine jouent un rôle de plus en plus important. Les complications motrices de la thérapie dopaminergique constituent un problème important, particulièrement chez les patients en phase avancée de la maladie qui prennent de la lévodopa depuis plusieurs années. Les interventions thérapeutiques doivent être adaptées à chaque patient et modifiées à mesure que la maladie progresse, dans le but de minimiser autant que possible l’invalidité fonctionnelle.

Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 30 , supplement S1: A Peer-Reviewed Supplement to the Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , February 2003 , pp. S27 - S33
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2003

References

1. Diamond, SG, Markham, CH, Hoehn, MM, McDowell, FH, Muenter, MD. Effect of age at onset on progression and mortality in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1989; 39:1187–1190.Google Scholar
2. Hughes, AJ, Ben-Shlomo, Y, Daniel, SE, Lees, AJ. What featuresimprove the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in Parkinson’s disease: a clinicopathologic study. Neurology 1992; 42:1142–1146.Google Scholar
3. Agid, Y, Chase, T, Marsden, D. Adverse reactions to levodopa: drugtoxicity or progression of disease? Lancet 1998; 351:851–852.Google Scholar
4. Lang, AE, Lozano, AM. Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:1044–1053.Google Scholar
5. Kostic, V, Przedborski, S, Flaster, E, Sternic, N. Early development oflevodopa-induced dyskinesias and response fluctuations in young-onset Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1991; 41:202–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Djaldetti, R, Baron, J, Ziv, I, Melamed, E. Gastric emptying inParkinson’s disease: patients with and without response fluctuations. Neurology 1996; 46:1051–1054 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7. Nutt, JG. On-off phenomenon: relation to levodopa pharmaco-kinetics and pharmacodynamics. Ann Neurol 1987; 22:535–540.Google Scholar
8. Chase, TN, Engler, TM, Mouradian, MM. Palliative and prophylacticbenefits of continuously administered dopaminomimetics in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1994; 44 (Suppl 6):S15-S18.Google Scholar
9. Ahlskog, JE, Muenter, MD, McManis, PG, Bell, GN, Bailey, PA. Controlled-release Sinemet (CR-4): a double-blind crossover study in patients with fluctuating Parkinson’s disease. Mayo ClinProc 1988; 63:876–886.Google Scholar
10. Muenter, MD, Sharpless, NS, Tyce, GM, Darley, FL. Patterns ofdystonia (“I-D-I” and “D-I-D–) in response to l-dopa therapy for Parkinson’s disease. Mayo Clin Proc 1977; 52:163–174.Google ScholarPubMed
11. Metman, LV, Del Dotto, P, LePoole, K, et al. Amantadine forlevodopa-induced dyskinesias: a 1-year follow-up study. Arch Neurol. 1999; 56:1383–1386.Google Scholar
12. Koller, WC, Hutton, JT, Tolosa, E, et al. Immediate-release andcontrolled-release carbidopa/levodopa in PD: a 5 year randomized multicenter study. Carbidopa/Levodopa Study Group. Neurology 1999; 53:1012–1019.Google Scholar
13. Kurth, MC, Adler, CH. COMT inhibition: a new treatment strategyfor Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1998; 50 (Suppl 5):S3-S14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Ruottinen, HM, Rinne, UK. Entacapone prolongs levodopa responsein a one month double blind study in parkinsonian patients with levodopa related fluctuations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996; 60:36–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Parkinson Study Group. Entacapone improved motor fluctuations inlevodopa-treated Parkinson’s disease patients. Ann Neurol 1997; 42:747–755.Google Scholar
16. Calne, DB, Teychenne, PF, Claveria, LE, et al. Bromocriptine inparkinsonism. Br Med J 1974; 4:442–444.Google Scholar
17. Lieberman, A, Kupersmith, M, Estey, E, Goldstein, M. Treatment ofParkinson’s disease with bromocriptine. N Engl J Med 1976; 295:1400–1404.Google Scholar
18. Olanow, CW, Fahn, S, Muenter, M, et al. Amulticenter, double-blind,placebo-controlled trial of pergolide as an adjunct to Sinemet in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 1994; 9:40–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Lieberman, A, Ranhosky, A, Korts, D. Clinical evaluation ofpramipexole in advanced Parkinson’s disease: results of a doubleblind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Neurology 1997; 49:162–168.Google Scholar
20. Guttman, M, International Pramipexole-Bromocriptine StudyGroup. Double-blind comparison of pramipexole and bromocriptine treatment with placebo in advanced Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1997; 49:1060–1065.Google Scholar
21. Lieberman, A, Olanow, CW, Sethi, K, et al. A multicenter trial ofropinirole as adjunct treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1998; 51:1057–1062.Google Scholar
22. Rascol, O, Lees, AJ, Senard, JM, et al. Ropinirole in the treatment oflevodopa-induced motor fluctuations in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 1996; 19:234–245.Google Scholar
23. LeWitt, PA, Ward, CD, Larsen, TA, et al. Comparison of pergolideand bromocriptine in parkinsonism. Neurology 1983; 33:1009–1014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Goetz, CG, Tanner, CM, Glantz, RH, Klawans, HL. Chronic agonisttherapy for Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1985; 35:749–751.Google Scholar
25. Rascol, O, Brooks, DJ, Korczyn, AD, et al. A five-year study ofdyskinesias in patients with early Parkinson’s disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1484–1491.Google Scholar
26. Parkinson Study Group. Pramipexole versus levodopa as initialtreatment for Parkinson’s disease. JAMA 2000; 284:1931–1938.Google Scholar
27. Miyasaki, JM, Martin, W, Suchowersky, O, Weiner, WJ, Lang, AE. Practice parameter: initiation of treatment for Parkinson’s disease: an evidence-based review. Neurology 2002; 58:11–17.Google Scholar
28. Parkinson Study Group. Low-dose clozapine for the treatment of drug-induced psychosis in Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340:757–763.Google Scholar
29. Fernandez, HH, Friedman, JH, Jacques, C, Rosenfeld, M. Quetiapinefor the treatment of drug-induced psychosis in Parkinson’sdisease. Mov Disord 1999; 14: 484–487.3.0.CO;2-B>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Goetz, CG, Blasucci, LM, Leurgans, S, Pappert, EJ. Olanzapine andclozapine. Comparative effects on motor function inhallucinating PD patients. Neurology 2000; 55:789–794.Google Scholar
31. Frucht, S, Rogers, JD, Greene, PE, Gordon, MF, Fahn, S. Falling sleepat the wheel: motor vehicle mishaps in persons taking pramipexole and ropinirole. Neurology 1999; 52:1908–1910.Google Scholar
32. Hobson, DE, Lang, AE, Martin, WRW, et al. Excessive daytimesleepiness and sudden-onset sleep in Parkinson’s disease. A survey by the Canadian Movement Disorders Group. JAMA 2002; 287:455–463.Google Scholar
33. Mytilineou, C, Cohen, G. Deprenyl protects dopamine neurons fromthe neurotoxic effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion. J Neurochem 1985; 45:1951–1953.Google Scholar
34. Parkinson Study Group. Effect of deprenyl on the progression ofdisability in early Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med 1989; 321:1364–1371.Google Scholar
35. Palhagen, S, Heinonen, EH, Hagglung, J, et al. Selegiline delays theonset of disability in de novo parkinsonian patients. Neurology 1998; 51:520–525.Google Scholar
36. Parkinson Study Group. Dopamine transporter brain imaging toassess the effects of pramipexole vs levodopa on Parkinsondisease progression. JAMA 2002; 287:1653–1661.Google Scholar
37. Whone, AL, Remy, P, Davis, MR, et al. The REAL-PETstudy: slowerprogression in early Parkinson’s disease treated with ropinirolecompared with l-dopa. Neurology 2002; 58 (Suppl 3): A82-A83.Google Scholar
38. MacMahon, DG. Parkinson’s disease nurse specialists: an importantrole in disease management. Neurology 1999; 57 (Suppl 3):S21–25.Google Scholar
39. Jacobs, H, Vieregge, A, Vieregge, P. Sexuality in young patients withParkinson’s disease: a population based comparison with healthy controls. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 69: 550–552.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40. Welsh, M, Hung, L, Waters, CH. Sexuality in women withParkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 1997; 12:923–927.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41. de Goede, CJT, Keus, SHJ, Kwakkel, G, Wagenaar, RC. The effects ofPhysical Therapy in Parkinson’s disease: a research synthesis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:508–515.Google Scholar
42. Goetz, CG, Koller, WC, Poewe, W, et al. Management of Parkinson’sdisease: an evidence-based review. Mov Disord 2002; 17 (suppl 4): S156-S159.Google Scholar
43. Deane, KH, Jones, D, Playford, ED, Ben-Shlomo, Y, Clarke, CE. Physiotherapy versus placebo or no intervention in Parkinson’s disease (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, issue 4. Oxford: Update Software 2002.Google Scholar
44. Deane, KH, Jones, D, Ellis-Hill, C, et al. Physiotherapy forParkinson’s disease: a comparison of techniques (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, issue 4. Oxford: Update Software 2002.Google Scholar
45. Deane, KH, Whurr, R, Playford, ED, Ben-Shlomo, Y, Clarke, C. Speech and language therapy versus placebo or no intervention for dysarthria in Parkinson’s disease (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, issue 4. Oxford: Update Software 2002.Google Scholar
46. Deane, KH, Whurr, R, Playford, ED, Ben-Shlomo, Y, Clarke, C. Speech and language therapy for dysarthria in Parkinson’s disease: a comparison of techniques (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, issue 4. Oxford: Update Software 2002.Google Scholar
47. Guide to Physical Therapy Practice. Phys Ther 1997; 77:1163–1650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48. Schenkman, M, Butler, RB. A model for multisystem evaluationtreatment of individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Phys Ther 1989; 932–943.Google Scholar
49. Schenkman, M, Donovan, J, Tsubota, J, et al. Management ofindividuals with Parkinson’s disease: rationale and case studies. Phys Ther 1989;69:944–955.Google Scholar
50. Morris, ME. Movement disorders in people with Parkinson’sdisease: a model for physical therapy. Phys Ther 2000;80:578–597.Google Scholar
51. Scandalis, TA, Bosak, A, Berliner, JC, Helman, LL, Wells, MR. Resistance training and gait function in patients with Parkinson’sdisease. Am J Phy Med Rehabil 2001;80:38–43.Google Scholar
52. Morris, ME, Iansek, R, Matyas, TA, Summers, JJ. Ability to modulatewalking cadence remains intact in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994;57:1532–1534.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53. Marchese, R, Diverio, M, Zucchi, F, Lentino, C, Abbruzzese, G. Therole of sensory cues in the rehabilitation of Parkinson’s patients: a comparison of two physical therapy protocols. Mov Disord 2000;15:879–883.Google Scholar
54. Behrman, AL, Teitelbaum, P, Cauraugh, JH. Verbal instructional setnormalise the temporal and spatial gait variables in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;65:580–582.Google Scholar
55. Schmidt, RA. Motor Control and Learning: A Behavioral Emphasis. 3rd ed. Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics Inc; 1999.Google Scholar
56. Morris, ME, Iansek, R. An interprofessional team approach torehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Phys Med Rehab 1997;6:166–170.Google Scholar
57. Turner, A, Foster, M, Johnson, SE, Stewart, AM, (Eds). OccupationalTherapy and Physical Dysfunction, 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone Inc. New York, 1996: 549–569.Google Scholar
58. Ramig, LO, Sapir, S, Fox, C, Countryman, S. Changes in vocalloudness following intensive treatment (LSVT®) in individuals with Parkinson’s disease: A comparison with untreated patients and normal age-matched controls. Mov Disord 2001; 16:79–83.Google Scholar
59. Ramig, LO, Sapir, S, Fox, C, et al. Intensive voice treatment (LSVT®)for patients with Parkinson’s disease: a two year follow-up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;71:493–498.Google Scholar
60. Karstaedt, PJ, Pincus, JH. Protein redistribution diet remainseffective in patients with fluctuating parkinsonism. Arch Neurol 1992; 49:149–151.Google Scholar
61. Koller, WC. Treatment of early Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 2002;58 (Suppl 1):S79-S86.Google Scholar
62. Shulman, LM, Taback, RL, Rabinstein, AA, Weiner, WJ. Non-recognition of depression and other non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 2002; 8:193–197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63. Carter, JH, et. al. Living with a person who has Parkinson’s disease: the spouse’s perspective by stage of disease. Mov Disord 1998; 13:20–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
64. Olanow, CW, Koller, WC, (Eds). An algorithm (decision tree) for themanagement of Parkinson’s disease: Treatment guidelines. Neurology 1998; 50 (suppl 3):S1-S57.Google Scholar