Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-gq7q9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T12:52:37.514Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Secession as Defence of a Political Liberty: A Liberal Answer to a Nationalist Demand

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2005

Aleksandar Pavković
Affiliation:
Macquarie University, Sydney

Abstract

Abstract. Unilateral secession breaches the principle of majority rule and the principle of equal rights to which liberal democratic states adhere. How can one justify such a breach in a case in which the seceding state also aspires to be a liberal democratic state? If the government of the parent state, following a pro-secession referendum, refuses to negotiate with the secessionists over their secession, it thereby denies them the liberty of pursuing a politically satisfying life. A unilateral secession in pursuit of such a liberty could be justified within a Rawlsian framework, which ranks liberties higher than economic interests. But within the same framework a unilateral secession is unjustified if, as its consequence, the parent state can no longer protect those citizen rights which it protected before. While useful in assessing some cases of secession, the Rawlsian ranking does not provide universal criteria for assessment of all secessions.

Résumé. La sécession unilatérale rompt avec le principe de la règle majoritaire ainsi qu'avec celui de l'égalité des droits auxquels adhèrent les États libéraux démocratiques. Comment peut-on justifier une telle rupture dans un cas où l'État sécessionniste aspire aussi à être un État libéral démocratique? Si le gouvernement de l'État originaire, à la suite d'un référendum pro-sécessionniste, refuse de négocier avec les sécessionnistes sur leur sécession, il leur refuse ainsi la liberté de poursuivre une vie politiquement satisfaisante. Une sécession unilatérale visant à gagner cette liberté pourrait se justifier dans une optique rawlsienne qui accorde plus d'importance aux libertés qu'aux intérêts économiques. Mais dans cette même optique une sécession unilatérale est injustifiée si, du fait de la sécession, l'État originaire ne peut plus protéger les droits de ses citoyens, qu'il protégeait auparavant. Utile pour l'évaluation de certains cas de sécession, l'ordre de valeurs rawlsien ne fournit pas des critères universels pour les évaluer toutes.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2004 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

I am grateful to Arthur Kuflik for his comments on an earlier version of this essay. The essay was written while the author was a research fellow at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at the University of Melbourne.

References

Beran, Harry. 1998. “ A democratic theory of political self-determination for a new world order.” In Theories of secession, ed. P.B. Lehning. London: Routledge.
Birch, Anthony H. 1984. “Another Liberal Theory of Secession.” Political Studies 32: 596602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishai, Linda. 1998. “ Altered states: secession and the problems of liberal theory.” In Theories of secession, ed. P.B. Lehning. London: Routledge.
Brilmayer, Lea. 1991. “Secession and Self-Determination: A Territorial Interpretation.” Yale Journal of Law 15: 177202.Google Scholar
Buchanan, Allen. 1991. Secession: the morality of political divorce from Fort Sumter to Lithuania and Quebec. Boulder: Westview.
Buchanan, Allen. 1997. “Theories of Secession.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 26: 3161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, Allen. 1998. “ Democracy and Secession.” In National Self-Determination and Secession, ed. M. Moore. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Freeman, Michael. 1996. “Democracy and Dynamite: the Peoples' Right to Self-Determination.” Political Studies 44: 74661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horowitz, Donald L. 2003. “The Cracked Foundations of the Right to Secede.” Journal of Democracy 14: 517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGee, Robert W. 1992. “A Third Liberal Theory of Secession.” Liverpool Law Review 14: 4566.Google Scholar
Miller, David. 1995. On Nationality. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Miller, David. 1998. “ Secession and the Principle of Nationality.” In National Self-Determination and Secession, ed. M. Moore. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pavković, Aleksandar. 2000. “Recursive Secessions in former Yugoslavia: Too Hard a Case for Theories of Secession.” Political Studies 98: 485502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pavković, Aleksandar. 2003. “Secession, Majority Rule and Equal Rights: A Few Questions.” Macquarie Law Journal 3: 7394.Google Scholar
Philpott, David. 1995. “In Defense of Self-Determination.” Ethics 105: 35285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawls, John. 1996. Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.
Rothbard, Murray N. 1998. “ Nations by Consent: Decomposing the Nation-State.” In Secession, State and Society, ed. David Gordon. Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Supreme Court of Canada. 1998. Reference re Secession of Quebec, [1998] 2 S.C.R. 217.
Tamir, Yael. 1993. Liberal Nationalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Wambough, Sarah. 1920. A Monograph on Plebiscites. New York: Oxford University Press.