Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-gq7q9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T18:44:27.907Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Exercise Training and the Speed of Self-Selected Walking Pace in Men at Retirement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2010

D. A. Cunningham ,
P. A. Rechnitzer  and
A. P. Donner
D. A. Cunningham
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario
P. A. Rechnitzer
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario
A. P. Donner
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An intervention trial with regular physical activity was carried out to test the hypothesis that walking speed is related to the level of cardiovascular fitness (maximal oxygen uptake). Earlier research has demonstrated that when VO2 max is held constant in a multiple regression analysis the association between walking speed and age (29–65 y) is eliminated. To describe the association between self-selected speeds of walking, and level of cardiovascular fitness, 63 men age 60 to 65 were studied before and after a 1 year program of exercise training. VO2 max was determined on a motor driven treadmill. A test of self-selected walking pace was administered over a 240 m indoor course. The men were asked to walk at 3 paces considered by the subjects to be rather slow, normal, and fast, respectively. They were randomly assigned with stratification for white and blue collar occupation to a program of exercise training (n = 33) or control (n = 27). The training program consisted of walking or jogging for 30 min three times per week for one year. After the training program the exercise group increased their VO2 max (9.5%) and their normal walking speed (1.29 to 1.43 m.s−1) significantly compared to the controls. A program of exercise endurance training will result in an increase in the speed of self-selected pace.

Résumé

Un essai d'intervention à l'aide d'une activité physique régulière a été entrepris en vue de vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle la vitesse de déplacement en marche (allure) est en rapport avec l'état dusystème cardiovasculaire (maximum d'oxygène absorbé). Des recherches antérieures ont démontré que lorsque le VO2 max est maintenu constant dans l'analyse de la régression multiple, le rapport entre l'allure et l'âge (20 à 65 ans) se trouve éliminé. En vue de décrire le rapport entre l'allure choisie et l'état du système cardiovasculaire, 63 hommes âgés de 60 à 65 ans ont été étudiés avant et après un entraînement d'un an. Le VO2max a été déterminé à l'aide d'un tapis roulant électrique. Un test d'allure a été administré dans une enceinte intérieure sur une distance de 240 m. Les hommes ont été priés d'adopter trois pas qu'ils considéraient respectivement comme lent, normal, et rapide. Les sujets répartis en «cols bleus» et «cols blancs» ont été assignés de façon aléatoire au groupe d'entrainement (n = 33) ou au groupe témoin (n = 27). L'entraînement a consisté à marcher ou à courir 30 minutes trois fois par semaine pendant un an. À la suite de l'entraínement, le groupe entraíné avaient augmenté son VO2 max (9,5%) et son allure normale (de 1,20 à 1,43 m/s−1) dans une proportion significative par rapport au groupe témoin. On conclut qu'un programme d'exercices d'endurance produit une augmentation de l'allure choisie au cours de la marche.

Keywords

ageingcardiovascular fitnessself-paced walkingexercise tests in elderly
Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement , Volume 5 , Issue 1 , Spring/Printemps 1986 , pp. 19 - 26
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

American College of Sports Medicine. (1980). Guidelines for Graded Exercise Testing and Exercise Prescription. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.Google Scholar
Barry, A. J., Daly, J. W., Pruett, E. D. R, Steinmetz, J. R., Page, H. F., Birkhead, N. C. & Rodahl, K. (1966). The effects of physical conditioning in older individuals. I. Work capacity, circulatory-respiratory functions, and work electrocardiogram. J. Gerontol., 21, 182–191.Google Scholar
Bassey, E. J., Fentem, P. H., MacDonald, I. C., Patrick, J. M. & Scriven, P. M. (1977). A study of exercise performance and heart rate: The response to exercise of a small group of manual workers before and after retirement Age and Ageing, 6, 232–237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bassey, E. J., Fentem, P. H., MacDonald, I. C. & Scriven, P. M. (1976). Self-paced walking as a method for exercise testing in elderly and young men. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med., 51, 609–612.Google Scholar
Bassey, E. J., Patrick, J. M., Irving, J. M., Blecher, A. & Fentem, P. H. (1983). An unsupervised “Aerobics” physical training programme in middle-aged factory workers: Feasibility, validation and response. Europ. J. Applied Physiol., 52, 120–125.Google Scholar
Benestad, A. M. (1965). Trainability of old men. Acta. Med. Scand., 178, 321–327.Google Scholar
Borg, G. (1970). Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. 2, 92–98.Google Scholar
Cafarelli, E. (1982). Peripheral contributions to the perception of effort. Med. Sci. Sports 14, 382–389.Google Scholar
Cunningham, D. A. & Reichnitzer, P. A. (1974). Exercise prescription and the post coronary patient. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehab., 55, 296–300.Google Scholar
Cunningham, D. A., Rechnitzer, P. A., Pearce, M. E. & Donner, A. P. (1982). Determinants of self-selected walking pace across ages 19 to 66. J. Gerontol., 37, 560–564.Google Scholar
DeVries, H. A. (1979). Physiological effects of an exercise training regimen upon men aged 52 to 88. J. Gerontol., 25, 325–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekblom, B., Day, W. C., Hartley, L. H., Moore, F. & Wear, R. (1979). Reproducibility of exercise prescribed by pace description Scandinavean. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16–19.Google Scholar
Hodgson, J. L. and Buskirk, E. R. (1977). Physical fitness and age with emphasis on cardiovascular function in the elderly. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 25, 385–392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, N. L. & Campbell, E. M. J. (1982). Clinical Exercise Testing 2nd Ed. Toronto: W. B. Saunders Co.Google Scholar
Lenox, J. B. & Koegel, E. (1974). Evaluation of a new low resistance breathing valve. J. Appl. Physiol., 37, 410–413.Google Scholar
Pandolf, K. B., Burse, R. L. & Goldman, R. F. (1975). Differentiated ratings of perceived exertion during physical conditioning of older individuals using leg-weight loading. Percept. Mot. Skills 40, 563–574.Google Scholar
Pandolf, K. B. (1983). Advances in the study and application of perceived exertion. Exerc. Sport Sci. Review 11, 118–158.Google Scholar
Raven, P. B. & Mitchell, J. (1980). The effects of aging on the cardiovascular response to dynamic and static exercise. In Weisfeldt, M. L. (ed.), The Aging Heart. New York, N. Y., Raven Press, 269–296.Google Scholar
Seals, D. R., Hagberg, J. M., Hurley, B. F., Ehsani, A. A. & Holloszy, J. O. (1984). Endurance training in older men and women. I. Cardiovascular responses to exercise. J. Appl. Physiol., 57, 1024–1029.Google Scholar
Suominen, H., Hiekkinen, E., Liessen, H., Michel, D. & Hollman, W. (1977). Effects of 8 weeks' endurance training on skeletal muscle metabolism in 56–70-year-old sedentary men. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol., 37, 173–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, S. G., Cunningham, D. A., Rechnitzer, P. A., Donner, A. P. & Howard, J. H. (1986). Protocols and reliability of maximal oxygen uptake in the elderly. Can. J. Appl. Sports Sci. (in press).Google Scholar
Tzankoff, S. P., Robinson, S., Pyke, F. S. & Brown, C. A. (1972). Physiological adjustments to work in older men as affected by physical training. J. Appl. Physiol., 33, 346–350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed