Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-qks25 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-16T05:18:33.315Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Magic of 65: Issues and Evidence in the Mandatory Retirement Debate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2010

Neil Guppy
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia

Abstract

Debate over fixed-age retirement continues as a steady stream of court cases are launched and appealed. Contrary to some early opinion, Charter provisions apparently do not guarantee an end to mandatory retirement and legal decisions have yet to establish any clear precedent. This paper reviews the legal framework of age discrimination cases, examines current attitudes and practices regarding retirement, and outlines major arguments for and against forced retirement. The contrasting principles of individual justice versus comparative justice are emphasized.

Résumé

Le débat concernant la retraite à un âge fixe se poursuit alors qu'un série de procès sont ouverts et les jugements contestés. Contrairement aux premières impressions, la charte ne contient pas de clauses qui pourraient garantir de mettre un terme à la retraite obligatoire et les décisions tranchées jusqu'à présent n'ont pas clairement établi de précédents. Cet article examine la structure juridique des cas de discrimination basés sur l'âge, étudie les pratiques et positions actuelles concernant la retraite, et esquisse les grandes lignes des arguments principaux en faveur et contre la retraite forcée. Les principes contrastants d'une justice individuelle par rapport à une justice comparative sont mis en valeur.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abella, Rosalie. 1984. Equality in Employment: A Royal Commission Report. Ottawa: Supply and Services.Google Scholar
Ashton, David and Maguire, M.J.. 1983. “Competition between Young People and Adults: A Research Note on the Structure of the Youth Labour Market”. International Review of Applied Psychology 32, 263269.Google Scholar
Atcheson, E. and Sullivan, L.. 1985. “Passage to Retirement: Age Discrimination and the Charter” in Bayefsky, A. and Eberts, M. (eds) Equality Rights and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Toronto: Carswell, 231292.Google Scholar
Boyer, J. Patrick. 1985. Equality for All. Report of the Parliamentary Committee on Equal Rights. Ottawa, October, 1985.Google Scholar
Cabot, S.J. 1987. “Living with the New Amendments to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act”. Personnel Administrator, 32(1), 5354.Google Scholar
Crosbie, John. 1986. Toward Equality. Ottawa: Department of Justice.Google Scholar
Davis, K. and van den Oever, P.. 1981.“Age Relations and Public Policy in Advanced Industrial Societies”. Population and Development Review 7(1), 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1960. Canadian Life Tables 1950–1952 – 1955–57. Ottawa: Cat. #84–510, pp. 79.Google Scholar
Dunlop, Donald P. 1980. Mandatory Retirement Policy: A Human Rights Dilemma? A Report from the Compensation Research Centre of the Conference Board of Canada. Ottawa.Google Scholar
Duchesne, Doreen. 1987. “Annual Review of Labour Force Trends”. Canadian Social Trends. Summer, 2632.Google Scholar
Eddy, Paulette. 1986. “Mandatory Retirement Masks Issue”. The Public Sector 10(45), 14.Google Scholar
Flanagan, Thomas. 1984. “The Future of Retirement in Canadian Universities”. The Canadian Journal of Higher Education. 14(b), 1034.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flanagan, Thomas. 1985. “Age Discrimination in Canada”. Occasional Paper, Research Unit for Socio-legal Studies, Faculty of Social Science, University of Calgary.Google Scholar
Foner, Anne. 1986. Aging and Old Age. Englewood Cliffs: Prendce-Hall.Google Scholar
Foot, David and Li, J.C.. 1986. “Youth Unemployment in Canada: A Misplaced Priority?”. Canadian Public Policy 12(3), 499506.Google Scholar
Friedman, L.M. 1984. Your Time Will Come: The Law of Age Discrimination and Mandatory Retirement. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Gunderson, M. and Pesando, J.. 1980. “Eliminating Mandatory Retirement: Economics and Human Rights”. Canadian Public Policy 6(2), 352360.Google Scholar
Gunderson, M. and Pesando, J.. 1988. “The Case for Allowing Mandatory Retirement”. Canadian Public Policy 14(1), 3239.Google Scholar
Hayward, Mark. 1986. “The Influence of Occupational Characteristics on Men's Early Retirement”. Social Forces 64(4), 10321045.Google Scholar
Hluchy, Cathy M. 1986. Should Retirement be Compulsory or Voluntary? An Overview of the Attitudes, Practices, and Arguments Related to Mandatory Retirement. Unpublished Masters thesis. University of British Columbia.Google Scholar
Ianni, Ron. 1988. Report of the Ontario Task Force on Mandatory Retirement: Fairness and Flexibility in Retiring from Work. Toronto: Ontario Government.Google Scholar
Krashinsky, M. 1988. “The Case for Eliminating Mandatory Retirement: Why Economics and Human Rights need not Conflict”. Canadian Public Policy 14(1), 4050.Google Scholar
LaSelva, Samuel. 1987. “Mandatory Retirement: Intergenerational Justice and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms”. Canadian Journal of Policial Science 20(1) 151162.Google Scholar
Lindsay, Colin. 1987. “The Decline in Employment Among Men Aged 55–64, 1975–1985”. Canadian Social Trends, Spring, 1215.Google Scholar
McClean, A.J. 1987. “Mandatory Retirement”. The Canadian Journal of Higher Education 17(1), 16.Google Scholar
McDaniel, Susan. 1986. Canada's Aging Population. Toronto: Butterworths.Google Scholar
McDonald, L. and Wanner, R.. 1982. “Work Past Age 65 in Canada: A Socioeconomic Analysis”. Aging and Work 5, 169180.Google Scholar
McDonald, L. and Wanner, R., 1984. “Socioeconomic Determinants of Early Retirement in Canada”. Canadian Journal on Aging 3(3), 105116.Google Scholar
Macdonald Commission. 1985. Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada, Volume 2. Ottawa: Supply and Services.Google Scholar
McPherson, Barry. 1983. Aging as Social Process: An Introduction to Individual and Population Aging. Toronto: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Methot, Susan. 1987. “Employment Patterns of Elderly Canadians”. Canadian Social Trends Autumn, 711.Google Scholar
Myles, John. 1984. Old Age in the Welfare State: The Political Economy of Public Pensions. Toronto: Little, Brown, and Company.Google Scholar
National Council of Welfare. 1984. Sixty-five and Older. Ottawa: National Council of Welfare.Google Scholar
Richmond, L.A. 1987. “The Impact of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms on Pension and Welfare Funds”. Employee Benefits Journal 12(1), 2431.Google Scholar
Seward, Shirley. 1986. “More and Younger?Policy Options 7(1), 1619.Google Scholar
Statistics Canada. 1984. Life Tables, Canada and Provinces 1980–1982. Ottawa: Cat # 84–532, pp. 17,19.Google Scholar
Statistics Canada. 1984. Labour Force Annual Averages (19751983). Ottawa: Cat # 71529.Google Scholar
Statistics Canada. 1984. Annual The Labour Force. Ottawa: Cat # 71–001.Google Scholar