In this paper we characterize the 2 × 2 invertible matrices over a Boolean ring, and, using this characterization, show that every invertible matrix has order dividing 6. This suggests that GL2 of a Boolean ring is built up out of copies of the symmetric group S3. Indeed, if B is a finite Boolean ring, then GL2(B) turns out to be a direct sum of copies of S3. If B is infinite, then GL2(B) is more difficult to calculate; we present here descriptions of GL2(B) for the "extreme" cases of countable Boolean rings—namely, the Boolean ring which is generated by its atoms and the atomless Boolean ring. The former provides a negative answer to the question of whether the functor GL2(⋅) preserves inverse limits; the latter is a corollary of a theorem which states that, under certain circumstances, GL2(⋅) preserves direct limits. It turns out, in addition, that every invertible matrix is a product of elementary ones, as is the case for matrices over a Euclidean domain.