¹ Lafontaine, Fannie & Larocque, François, eds, Doing Peace the Rights Way: Essays in International Law and Relations in Honour of Louise Arbour (Cambridge: Intersentia, 2019 CrossRefGoogle Scholar).

² Fannie Lafontaine & François Larocque, “Introduction” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 1 at 2.

³ Andrew Clapham, “Human Rights Obligations for Non-State Actors: Where Are We Now?” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 11.

⁴ Ibid at 14–15, 18–22, 26, 30, 32.

⁵ Revised draft of a Legally Binding Instrument to Regulate, in International Human Rights Law, the Activities of Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises (16 July 2019), online: Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with Respect to Human Rights <www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/WGTransCorp/OEIGWG_RevisedDraft_LBI.pdf>.

⁶ William Schabas, “The Right to Truth: When Does It Begin?” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 37.

⁷ See e.g. Janowiec and Others v Russia (GC), No 55508/07, [2013] V ECHR 203, online: European Court of Human Rights <http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-127684>. See also Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v Serbia), [2015] ICJ Rep 3.

⁸ Schabas, supra note 6 at 51.

⁹ Ibid.

¹⁰ Alana Klein, “Social and Economic Rights and the Legal Imagination” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 65.

¹¹ Ibid at 67.

¹² Ibid at 70–72.

¹³ Ibid at 75, 84.

¹⁴ Cited in ibid at 84.

¹⁵ Hina Jilani, “Building a Culture of Inclusivity in a Diverse Society” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 85.

¹⁶ Ibid at 86, 88.

¹⁷ Tity Agbahey & Gilles Olakoulé Yabi, “Corruption, Inequality and Boko Haram in Nigeria” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 53.

¹⁸ Jilani, supra note 15 at 88–89.

¹⁹ Ibid at 90–91.

²⁰ Ibid at 91–102.

²¹ J Michael Spratt, “Made in Canada: A Failed War on Drugs” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 103.

²² Pablo Espiniella, “Unaccompanied Children Out of Their Country of Origin: Trapped in the Administrative Net” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 121.

²³ Spratt, supra note 21 at 105.

²⁴ Ibid at 110.

²⁵ Espiniella, supra note 22 at 127, 131.

²⁶ Ibid at 136.

²⁷ Ibid at 137.

²⁸ James K Stewart, “The Deterrence Rationale in a Criminal Justice Accountability Regime” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 147.

²⁹ Ibid at 152.

³⁰ Ibid.

³¹ Ibid at 163.

³² Ibid at 151.

³³ Mona Rishmawi, “Peace and Justice: Human Rights Fact-Finding in Raging Conflicts” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 171 at 179–80.

³⁴ Luc Côté, “The Independence of International Prosecutors” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 253. For the textual guarantees of independence, see Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 17 July 1998, 2187 UNTS 3, arts 15(1), 42(1) (entered into force 1 July 2002) [Rome Statute].

³⁵ See e.g. Rome Statute, supra note 34, art 53.

³⁶ Côté, supra note 34 at 275.

³⁷ Lisa N Oldring, “‘Exceptional Measures’ in Times of Crisis: Terrorism, National Security and the Rule of Law” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 199.

³⁸ Ibid at 213.

³⁹ Ibid at 214.

⁴⁰ Fannie Lafontaine, “When the End Lacks the Means: National Prosecution of International Crimes and Canada’s Paper Tiger Approach” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 221.

⁴¹ Ibid at 238–39.

⁴² Ibid at 247–51.

⁴³ Ibid at 250.

⁴⁴ François Larocque, “Torture, Jurisdiction and Immunity: Theories and Practice in Search of One Another” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 277.

⁴⁵ Ibid at 279.

⁴⁶ Ibid at 289, citing , Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law, 6th ed (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)Google Scholar at 298 and Jessup, Philip, Transnational Law (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1956) at 64 Google Scholar.

⁴⁷ See European Convention on State Immunity, 16 May 1972, ETS No 074 (entered into force 11 June 1976); United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property, 2 December 2004, UN Doc A/RES/59/38 (2004) (not in force).

⁴⁸ Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v Italy; Greece Intervening), [2012] ICJ Rep 99 at para 60.

⁴⁹ Larocque, supra note 44 at 311–12.

⁵⁰ Tim McCormack, “Revisiting Challenges to International Humanitarian Law” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 317 at 329–33.

⁵¹ Ibid at 333–39.

⁵² Ibid at 338.

⁵³ Ibid at 346.

⁵⁴ Ibid at 350.

⁵⁵ Fabrizio Hochschild, “Leadership in the United Nations and the Challenge of Courage” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 355 at 355.

⁵⁶ Ibid at 370.

⁵⁷ Ibid at 374.

⁵⁸ Philip Alston, “The World Bank as a Human Rights-Free Zone” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 375.

⁵⁹ Ibid at 379, 387.

⁶⁰ Ibid at 385–90.

⁶¹ Antonia Potter Prentice & Camille Marquis Bissonnette, “Come a Long Way and a Long Way to Go: UNSCR 1325 and Women’s Participation in Peace-Making” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 401 at 412.

⁶² See Charter of the United Nations, 26 June 1945, Can TS 1945 No 7, arts 1(1), 8 (entered into force 24 October 1945).

⁶³ See Alain-Guy Tachou-Sipowo, “The Security Council on Women in War: Between Peacebuilding and Humanitarian Protection” (2010) 92:877 Intl Rev Red Cross 197 at 213.

⁶⁴ Potter Prentice & Marquis Bissonnette, supra note 61 at 412–14.

⁶⁵ Ibid at 416.

⁶⁶ Kim Pate, “Why Are Women Canada’s Fastest-Growing Prison Population and Why Should We Care?” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 423.

⁶⁷ Natasha Bakht, “Moving Beyond Facial Equality: Examining Canadian and French Niqab Bans” in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 443.

⁶⁸ Canada, Commission of Inquiry into Certain Events at the Prison for Women in Kingston, Report (Ottawa: Public Works and Government Services Canada, 1996) (Louise Arbour, Commissioner).

⁶⁹ Pate, supra note 66 at 427, 430–33.

⁷⁰ Bakht, supra note 67 at 461.

⁷¹ “An Interview with the Honourable Madam Justice Louise Arbour” (2014) 46:2 Ottawa L Rev 383, republished in Lafontaine & Larocque, supra note 1, 471, especially at 501.

⁷² Ibid at 487–88.

⁷³ Ibid at 495.