₁ Pustogarov, V. V., Our Martens: F.F. Martens: -International Lawyer and Architect of Peace, ed. and trans. Butler, W. E. (The Hague: Kluwer, 2000)Google Scholar; Pustogarov, V. V., Au service de la paix: Frédéric de Martens et les conférences internationales de la paix de 1899 et 1907. Biographie d’un juriste et diplomate russe, ed. and trans. Mabillard, M. et al. (Geneva: Université de Genève, 1999).Google Scholar

₂ Schindler, D. and Toman, J., eds., The Law of Armed Conflicts: A Collection of Conventions, Resolutions and Other Documents (Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1973) at 64.Google Scholar

₃ The scholarly debate is ably recapitulated in Cassese, A., ’The Martens Clause: Half a Loaf or Simply Pie in the Sky?” (2000) 11 Eur. J.Intl L. 187 at 189–92.Google Scholar

₄ Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 1996, 66 at 260.

₅ Martens, Fedor Fedorovich, Sovremennoe mezhdunarodnoe pravo tsivilizovannykh narodov (Contemporary International Law of Civilized Peoples) 2 vols. (St. Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo Ministerstva putey soobshcheniya, 1882–1883).Google Scholar

₆ Pustogarov, V. V., Fedor Fedorovich Martens-yurist, diplomat, 2d ed. (Moscow: «Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya», 1999) at 202.Google Scholar

₇ Nussbaum, A., “Frederic de Martens, representative tsarist writer on international law” (1952) 22:2–3 Acta scandinavicajuris gentium 51 at 62.Google Scholar

₈ Pustogarov, supra note 6 at 141.

₉ Ibid. at 146.

₁₀ Ibid. at 39–40.

₁₁ Ibid. at 39.

₁₂ Ibid. at 155