Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T22:16:43.219Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Anaglyph stereo virtual dissection: a novel inexpensive method for stereoscopic visualisation of intracardiac anatomy on CT angiogram

Part of: Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Advanced Imaging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2021

Saurabh Kumar Gupta Open the ORCID record for Saurabh Kumar Gupta [Opens in a new window]  and
Priyanka Gupta
Saurabh Kumar Gupta*
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Priyanka Gupta
Affiliation:
Department of Vitreo-Retina Services, Shroff Eye Centre, New Delhi, India
*
Author for correspondence: Saurabh Kumar Gupta, Additional Professor of Cardiology, Room No.9, 8th floor, Cardio-Thoracic Sciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. Tel: +91-11-26594944. E-mail: drsaurabhmd@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Three-dimensional visualisation is invaluable for evaluating cardiac anatomy. Patient-specific three-dimensional printed models of the heart are useful but require significant infrastructure. The three-dimensional virtual models, derived from 3D echocardiography, computed tomographic (CT) angiography or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), permit excellent visualisation of intracardiac anatomy, but viewing on a two-dimensional screen obscures the third dimension. Various forms of extended reality, such as virtual reality and augmented reality, augment the third dimension but only using expensive equipment. Herein, we report a simple technique of anaglyph stereoscopic visualisation of three-dimensional virtual cardiac models. The feasibility of achieving stereovision on a personal computer, using open-source software, and the need for inexpensive anaglyph glasses for viewing make it extremely cost-effective. Further, the retained depth perception of resulting stereo images in electronic and printed format makes sharing with other members of the team easy and effective.

Keywords

Computed tomographic angiographyvirtual dissectionvirtual realitythree-dimensional visualisationanaglyph stereovision
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 31 , Issue 12 , December 2021 , pp. 1958 - 1961
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Burchill, LJ, Huang, J, Tretter, JT, et al. Noninvasive imaging in adult congenital heart disease. Circ Res 2017; 120: 995–1014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suranyi, P, Varga-Szemes, A, Hlavacek, AM. An overview of cardiac computed tomography in adults with congenital heart disease. J Thorac Imaging 2017; 32: 258–273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gupta, SK, Spicer, DE, Anderson, RH. A new low-cost method of virtual cardiac dissection of computed tomographic datasets. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 12: 110–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vukicevic, M, Mosadegh, B, Min, JK, Little, SH. Cardiac 3D printing and its future directions. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10: 171–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kappanayil, M, Koneti, NR, Kannan, RR, Kottayil, BP, Kumar, K. Three-dimensional-printed cardiac prototypes aid surgical decision-making and preoperative planning in selected cases of complex congenital heart diseases: early experience and proof of concept in a resource-limited environment. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 10: 117–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valverde, I, Gomez-Ciriza, G, Hussain, T, et al. Three-dimensional printed models for surgical planning of complex congenital heart defects: an international multicentre study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2017; 52: 1139–1148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Illman, CF, Hosking, M, Harris, KC. Utility and access to 3D printing in the context of congenital heart disease: an international physician survey study. CJC Open 2020; 2: 207–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garekar, S, Bharati, A, Kothari, F, et al. Virtual three-dimensional model for preoperative planning in a complex case of a double outlet right ventricle. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 12: 295–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mori, S, Fukuzawa, K, Takaya, T, et al. Clinical cardiac structural anatomy reconstructed within the cardiac contour using multidetector-row computed tomography: atrial septum and ventricular septum. Clin Anat 2016; 29: 342–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goo, HW, Park, SJ, Yoo, SJ. Advanced medical use of three-dimensional imaging in congenital heart disease: augmented reality, mixed reality, virtual reality, and three-dimensional printing. Korean J Radiol 2020; 21: 133–145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rowe, SP, Chu, LC, Recht, HS, Lin, CT, Fishman, EK. Black-blood cinematic rendering: a new method for cardiac CT intraluminal visualization. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2020; 14: P272–P274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gupta, SK, Aggarwal, A, Shaw, M, et al. Clarifying the anatomy of common arterial trunk: a clinical study of 70 patients. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 21: 914–922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tretter, JT, Gupta, SK, Izawa, Y, et al. Virtual dissection: emerging as the gold standard of analyzing living heart anatomy. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7: 30. doi:10.3390/jccd7030030 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, RH, Gupta, SK. Printing of three-dimentional heart models - is it worth the expense? CJC Open 2020; 2: 192–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banks, MS, Read, JCA, Allison, RS. Watt. Stereoscopy and the human visual system. SMPTE Motion Imaging J 2012; 121: 24–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ong, CS, Krishnan, A, Huang, CY, et al. Role of virtual reality in congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis 2018; 13: 357–361.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TECHEBLOG 3D Technology, 2020. Retrieved July 15, 2011, from https://www.techeblog.com/3d-technology/ Google Scholar
Anaglyph 3D. 2020. Retrieved July 15, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaglyph_3D Google Scholar
OsiriX User Manual. 2020. Retrieved July 15, 2020, from http://www.osirix-viewer.com/UserManualIntroduction.pdf Google Scholar
Horos download. Available online at https://www.horosproject.org/download-horos/ Retrieved July 15, 2020.Google Scholar
CMYK vs RGB and what is best for printing. Retrieved July 15, 2020, from https://www.prigraphics.com/blog/cmyk-vs-rgb-color/ Google Scholar
Lechanoine, F, Smirnov, M, Armani-Franceschi, G, et al. Stereoscopic images from computed tomography angiograms. World Neurosurg 2019; 128: 259–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Settergren, M, Back, M, Shahgaldi, K, Jacobsen, P, Winter, R. 3D TEE with stereovision for guidance of the transcatheter mitral valve repair. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 5: 1066–1069.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jourdan, I, Dutson, E, Garcia, A, et al. Stereoscopic vision provides significant advantage for precision robotic laparoscopy. Br J Surg 2004; 91: 879–885.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lu, JC, Ensing, GJ, Ohye, RG, et al. Stereoscopic three-dimensional visualization for congenital heart surgery planning: surgeons’ perspectives. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33: 775–777.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kliger, C, Jelnin, V, Sharma, S, et al. CT angiography-fluoroscopy fusion imaging for transapical access. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 7: 169–177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gupta and Gupta supplementary material

Gupta and Gupta supplementary material 1
Download Gupta and Gupta supplementary material(Video)
Video 5.3 MB

Gupta and Gupta supplementary material

Gupta and Gupta supplementary material 2
Download Gupta and Gupta supplementary material(Video)
Video 9.7 MB
Supplementary material: Image

Gupta and Gupta supplementary material

Gupta and Gupta supplementary material 3
Download Gupta and Gupta supplementary material(Image)
Image 4.4 MB