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N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide serum levels reflect attrition of the Fontan circulation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 June 2020

Djoeke Wolff Open the ORCID record for Djoeke Wolff [Opens in a new window] ,
Joost P. van Melle ,
Tineke P. Willems ,
Beatrijs Bartelds ,
Mark-Jan Ploegstra ,
Hans Hillege ,
Tjark Ebels  and
Rolf M. F. Berger
Djoeke Wolff*
Affiliation:
Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Pediatric Cardiology/Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Joost P. van Melle
Affiliation:
Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Tineke P. Willems
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Beatrijs Bartelds
Affiliation:
Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Pediatric Cardiology/Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Mark-Jan Ploegstra
Affiliation:
Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Pediatric Cardiology/Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Hans Hillege
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Tjark Ebels
Affiliation:
Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Rolf M. F. Berger
Affiliation:
Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Pediatric Cardiology/Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
*
Address for correspondence: Djoeke Wolff, MD PhD, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RBGroningen, the Netherlands. Fax: +31 50 361 1787; Tel: +31 (0)50 3611508. E-mail: djoekewolff@gmail.com
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Abstract

Objective:

N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide has an established role in the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure. In Fontan patients, this peptide is often increased, but its diagnostic value in this particular non-physiologic, univentricular circulation is unclear. We investigated whether N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide represents ventricular function or other key variables in Fontan patients.

Methods and results:

Ninety-five consecutive Fontan patients ≥10 years old who attended the outpatient clinic of the Center for Congenital Heart Diseases in 2012–2013 were included. Time since Fontan completion was 16 ± 9 years. Median N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide was 114 (61–264) ng/l and was higher than gender-and age-dependent normal values in 54% of the patients. Peptide Z-scores were higher in patients in NYHA class III/IV compared to those in class I/II, but did not correlate with ventricular function assessed by MRI and echocardiography, nor with peak exercise capacity. Instead, peptide Z-scores significantly correlated with follow-up duration after Fontan completion (p < 0.001), right ventricular morphology (p = 0.004), indexed ventricular mass (p = 0.001), and inferior caval vein diameter (p < 0.001) (adjusted R2 = 0.615).

Conclusions:

N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels in Fontan patients correlate with functional class, but do not necessarily indicate ventricular dysfunction. Increased peptide levels were associated with a longer existence of the Fontan circulation, morphologic ventricular characteristics, and signs of increased systemic venous congestion. Since the latter are known to be key determinants of the performance of the Fontan circulation, these findings suggest increase in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels to indicate attrition of the Fontan circulation, independent of ventricular function.

Keywords

Fontan physiologyheart defectscongenitalnatriuretic peptides
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 30 , Issue 6 , June 2020 , pp. 753 - 760
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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