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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 December 2008
1. Roth, Guenther, The Social Democrats in Imperial Germany: A Study in Working-Class Isolation and Negative Integration (Totowa, N.J., 1963).Google Scholar
2. Schorske, Carl E., German Social Democracy, 1905–1917: The Development of the Great Schism (Cambridge, Mass., 1955).Google Scholar
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6. Groh here follows the arguments of Miller, Susanne, “Zum 3. August 1914,” Archiv für Sozialgeschichte 4 (1964): 515ff.,Google Scholar who stressed that the SPD's position as late as July 30 was still open to change. In a final thrust at Schorske, Groh argues that not in 1906 but during 1914/15 did positions in the SPD harden and ultimately lead to the schism of 1916 (pp. 715–16). It was only after August 4 that leftists such as Haenisch, Parvus-Helphand, Lensch, and Düwell, centrists such as Kautsky, Hilferding, and Eckstein, as well as revisionists such as Bernstein, Fischer, and Erdmann gravitated toward new positions. It will be interesting to see how Groh continues his “Anti-Schorske” in the ten-year installments of the history of the SPD that he plans to write.
7. Bundesarchiv Koblenz, Nachlass Bülow, Nr. 91, Friedrich von Holstein. Holstein to Bülow, July 30, 1900.
