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² Orleans, 1962, pp. 207–210. In his second article, Orleans failed to cite or examine even one of the Chinese publications in 1962 which were the source of headlines in the West. For an analysis of the relevant Chinese statements, see my “Population Control: Recent Developments in Mainland China,” Asian Survey, II, No. 5, 07 1962, pp. 12–16.Google Scholar

³ Ibid.

⁴ Orleans, 1960, p. 68.

⁵ Ibid. pp. 63–64, 68–69 and 70–73.

⁶ Yin-ch'u, Ma, “New Population Theory,” in The Complete Report, First National People's Congress, Fourth Session (Peking: 1957), pp. 297–317.Google Scholar A revised version of this speech later appeared in Hsin Chien-she (New Construction), No. 11, 11 7, 1959, pp. 52–53.Google Scholar A translation of this shortened paper is given at the end of Orleans, 1960.

⁷ Kuang-ming Daily, 04 4, 1957.Google Scholar It has been erroneously reported that Ma first publicised his “Population Theory” at the National People's Congress, on July 3, 1957.

⁸ Orleans, 1960, p. 61.

⁹ Ibid. p. 63. Italics added.

¹⁰ Ibid.

¹¹ Ibid. However, this article “Do Not Allow the Rightists to Use the Population Question to Advance their Political Conspiracy,” by Li P'u, appeared in the October 4, instead of October 14. issue of People's Daily.

¹² Hsiao-t'ung, Fei, in The Complete Report, First National People's Congress, Fourth Session (Peking: 1957), pp. 1334–1340.Google Scholar

¹³ Li-tzu, Shao, in The Complete Report, op. cit., pp. 880–881.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Li P'u, op. cit.

¹⁵ Orleans, 1960, p. 60.

¹⁶ Teh-ch'uan, Li, in The Complete Report, First National People's Congress, Third Session, 1956, pp. 143–150.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Teh-ch'uan, Li, speech before the Second National Committee of the People's Political Consultative Conference, Third Session, People's Daily, 03 8, 1957.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Teh-ch'uan, Li, in The Complete Report, First National People's Congress, Fourth Session (Peking: 1957), pp. 749–755.Google Scholar

¹⁹ Orleans, 1960, p. 68. Italics added.

²⁰ People's Daily, 03 5, 1957.Google Scholar

²¹ Orleans, 1960, p. 60.

²² See People's Handbook for 1953.Google Scholar

²³ See “Communist China—The Population Problem,” in Current Notes on International Affairs, Department of External Affairs, Canberra, Australia, XXIX, No. 2, pp. 713–726, 11 1958.Google Scholar

²⁴ Micklewright, F. H. Amphlett, “The Rise and Decline of English Neo-Malthusianism,” Population Studies, XV, No. 1, pp. 32–51, 07 1961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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²⁶ Hui-nan, Chung, People's Daily, 03 17, 1957.Google Scholar Chung was later accused of resisting the leadership of the Party, and of being a “bourgeois” expert, see Journal of Chinese Medicine, No. 10, 10 1958.Google Scholar

²⁷ Hsiao-t'ung, Fei, “What is Meant by Demographic Research?” New Construction No. 4, 04 1957, pp. 5–6Google Scholar; Ching-chao, Wu, “A New Treatise on the Problem of China's Population,” New Construction, No. 3, 03 1957, pp. 1–16Google Scholar; and Ta, Ch'en, “Deferred Marriage, Birth Control, and Population Problems of New China,” New Construction, No. 5, 05 1957, pp. 1–16.Google Scholar

²⁸ Cheng-nan, Ch'en, Wen Hui Pao (Shanghai), 05 3 and 4, 1957.Google Scholar Wang's personal indignation must have been considerable, for he had been even suspicious of the motives of Shao Li-tzu whose views proved acceptable. See Ya-nan, Wang, Marxist Population Theory and China's Population Problems (Peking: Science Publishing Co., 1956), p. 2.Google Scholar

²⁹ For a fuller account of this incident, see my letter to the editor, American Sociological Review, XXVII, No. 3, pp. 413–414, 06 1962.Google Scholar It should be added that not all sociologists and demographers trained in the west were in agreement with the position of Fei, Wu and Chen. For instance, Sun Pen-wen, who was trained in the United States, published an article at the zenith of the hundred flowers, espousing the thesis that “800,000,000 is the most suitable population for our country” (Wen Hui Pao, 05 11, 1957Google Scholar). In fact, when Fei, Wu, Chen and others were being criticised after the spring of 1957, Sun Pen-wen joined in the attack at a symposium (August 29, 1957) organised by the Academic Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Academy of Sciences. Sun “drawing from his own experience, discussed the reactionary nature of ‘bourgeois’ sociology and the so-called sociological investigation. He pointed out that, from the standpoint of either theory or the investigation of substantive problems, bourgeois sociology only serves to benefit the bourgeois class and the capitalistic system” (New China Fortnightly (Hsin-hua Pan-yueh-k'an), No. 118, 10 25, 1957, p. 86).Google Scholar

³⁰ They and Chang Nai-ch'i were consequently removed from their ministerial posts in the Ministries of Communications, Timber Industry and Food respectively.

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