¹ Holl, Karl, Gesammelte Aufsätze sur Kirchengeschichte (Tübingen, 1923), I. Luther.Google Scholar

² Holl, , Luther, 420–467.Google Scholar

³ This word does not mean to-day only “an enthusiast,” as it did in the sixteenth century, but also in general “confused people,” or shortly “an emotionalist,” without sober judgment.

⁴ Cf. Köstlin, Johannes; “Ein Beitrag zur Eschatologie der Reformatoren,” Theologische Studien una Kritiken (Hamburg, 1879), LII.Google Scholar

⁵ Kirn, H. Boehmer-P., Th. Münteer's Briefwechsel (Leipzig, 1931)Google Scholar, and Brandt, Otto H.; Thomas Müntzer, Leben und Schriften (Jena, 1933).Google Scholar

⁶ Nippold, F., “David Joris von Delft,” in. Zeitschrift für Histor. Theologie XXXIII (1863), 52Google Scholar; and Bainton, Roland H., David Joris, Wiedertäufer und Vorkämpfer für Toleranz im 16. Jahrhundert, (Leipzig, 1937), 25Google Scholar; Jones, Rufus M., Studies in Mystical Religion (London, 1909).Google Scholar

⁷ Weis, Frederick L., The Life, Teaching ana Works of Ludwig Hetzer (Lancaster, Mass., 1930)Google Scholar. The best information on this question is found in the enlightening article by Chr. Neff, “Ludwig Hetzer,” in the Mennonitisehes Lexikon, II (1937), 225 ff., especially 231, where the arguments are discussed.Google Scholar

⁸ Scholastik, VII (1932).Google Scholar

⁹ Newman, A. H., “Adam Pastor,” American Society of Church History Papers, 2nd Series, F (1914), 74–99Google Scholar, and Horsch, John, Menno Simons (Scottdale, 1916), 194–203.Google Scholar

¹⁰ See the very clear and sympathetic report in Dosker, H. E., The Dutch Anabaptists (Philadelphia, 1921).Google Scholar

¹¹ Cf. Friedmann, E., “Anabaptism and Pietism,” Mennonite Quarterly Review, (1940), 2 and 3.Google Scholar

¹² In an unpublished paper which I had the privilege to study.

¹³ Seeberg, E., Gottfried Arnold, Studien zur Historiographie und zur Mystik (Berlin, 1923), 257–534.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Bainton gives in his treatise, “Changing Ideas and Ideals in the 16th Century,” The Journal of Modern History, VIII (1936), 428Google Scholar, a list of books with the title, “Restitutio.”

¹⁵ Ritschl, Albrecht, Geschichte des Pietismus (Bonn, 1880), I, 1–100.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Luther, Martin, Deutsche Messe (1526)Google Scholar; cf. Ritschl, , Geschichte des Pietismus, 73 ff.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Benz, E., Ecclesia, Spiritualis, Die Idee der Franziskanischen Kirchenreform (1934).Google Scholar

¹⁸ Ecke, K., Caspar Schwenckfeld und die Idee einer apostolischen Reform, (Berlin, 1912).Google Scholar

¹⁹ Keller's books are well known and were once much discussed. His biography of Hans Benck (Leipzig, 1882), marks a real epoch in our field; but also his other books, essays, and lectures were stimulating, even if the conclusions were wrong. He discovered new facts, and the reading is worth while.

²⁰ Müller, J. Th., Geschichte der böhmischen Brüder (Hermhut, 1922), I.Google Scholar

²¹ That becomes clear by the inclusion in this category of the Free Masons who are very far from our groups. As for the distant relations between the Bohemians and the Anabaptists, see Friedmann, K., in Mennonite Quarterly Review, XIV (1940), 112/113.Google Scholar

²² In several papers, published in local periodicals, 1888–1895.

²³ The same situation was repeated when some ten years later Heinrich Boehmer launched his thesis of the origin of Anabaptism as a whole in Thomas Müntzer. Although this statement was wrong, it has prompted valuable research in many new directions.

²⁴ Niebuhr, H. Richard, The Social Sources of Denominationalism (New York. 1929), 39.Google Scholar

²⁵ Cf. Friedmann, R., “Concerning a true soldier of Christ, a hitherto unknown tract of the Philipites in Moravia,” Mennonite Quarterly Review, V (1931), 91, 94Google Scholar. It deals with a very significant tract from about 1534/5.

²⁶ Bunyan's teaching of the cross is in some regards akin to Anabaptist tenets, but he does not derive it primarily1 from social attitudes. Even he was not really convinced of non-violence, the genuine demand of Christian love.

²⁷ Pilgram Marpeck's “Verantwortung” (1542), ed. Loserth, (Wien 1929), 160 and passim.

²⁸ Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte, XV (1933), 545–598.Google Scholar

²⁹ Smithson, R., The Anabaptists (London, 1935), 193.Google Scholar

³⁰ Newman, A. H.. A History of Anti-Pedobaptism to 1609 (Philadelphia, Pa. 1897).Google Scholar

³¹ Jellinek, George, The Declaration, of the Rights of Man and Citizen, a Contribution to Modern Constitutional History (New York, 1901)Google Scholar. Jellinek shows very clearly the threat which led from the Dutch Mennonites to Roger Williams and to the Declaration of Rights.

³² Smithson, , The Anabaptists, 203.Google Scholar

³³ Benrath, K., “Wiedertäufer im Venetiamsehen, um die Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts,” Theologische Studien und Kritiken, LVIII (1885).Google Scholar