1 Mode, Peter G., The Frontier Spirit in American Christianity (New York, 1923), 41.Google Scholar

2 Sweet, William W., Religion in Colonial America (New York, 1942), 273.Google Scholar

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5 Edwards, Jonathan, A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God in the Conversion of Many Hundred Souls in Northhampton, and the Neighboring Towns and Villages of New-Hampshire in New England (London, 1738), 2.Google Scholar

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7 Maxson, Charles H., The Great Awakening in the Middle Colonies (Chicago, 1920), 5.Google Scholar

8 It was earlier believed that he was born at Lingen in East-Friesland. (See Dictionary of American Biography), VII; also Messler, , Memorial Sermons and Historical Notes (New York, 1853, 165)Google Scholar. However, records of his baptism point to Westphalia as the more probable place. (See Frelinghuysen, Peter H. B., Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen, Princeton, N. J., 1938, 15).Google Scholar

9 “That he began to proach in the Netherlands language, was in consequence of the advice of the Rev. Otto Verbrugge, late Professor of Theology and the Oriental Languages at Lingen (then his esteemed instructor)…” (See Frelinghuysen, Theodorus Jacohus), Sermons, trans. Demarest, William (New York, 1856).Google Scholar

10 Ibid., 15, 153–54.

11 Frelinghuysen, P. H. B., T. J. Frelinghuysen, 17.Google Scholar

12 Frelinghuysen, T. J., Sermons, 153 f.Google Scholar “I am now about 46 years old, and already in the twentieth year of my ministry, having been ordained to my office A.D. 1717, at East-Friesland….”

13 Bergen, James J., “The ‘Rebellion’ at Raritan in 1723,” Somerset County Historical Quarterly, III (07, 1914).Google Scholar

14 Quoted by Frelinghuysen, P. H. B., T. J. Frelinghuysen, 18.Google Scholar

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16 Frelinghuysen, T. J., Sermons, 6–7.Google Scholar “When the call from the churches in New-jersey was received, a pious minister of the Classis of Amsterdam, named Sicco Tjadde, interested himself in procuring an evangelical minister to proceed thither. While inquiries were being made, Mr. Frelinghuysen passed through the town in which Sicco Tjadde re sided, on his way to Emden, to assume the rectorship of the academy at that place, to which he had received an invitation, and put up for the night at the house of an elder of the church. When the hour for family worship arrived the young stranger was invited to conduct it. He readily consented, and after reading a chapter in the sacred Scriptures, gave a brief exposition, and concluded with prayer. The elder was so much pleased with his remarks and with his whole spirit and conversation, that in the morning, when he was about to depart on his journey, he exacted a promise from him to make his house his home again, on his return, and then hastening to his pastor, exclaimed: ‘I have found a man to go to America.’”

17 Klagte Von Eenige Leeden der Nederduytse Hervorade Kerk, Woonende op Haretans, Etc., in de Provincie Van Nieu-Jersey, in Noord-America. Onder de Kroos Van Groot-Brittanye over het Gedray, aldaar en Elders, Van Do. Theodorus Jacob us Frilinghuisin Not syn Kerken-Raaden (Raaden, 1725; trans. M. G. Hanson, 1876), i–ii.Google Scholar “… Rev. Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen came over to be our resident pastor in the year 1720….”

18 This occurred on January 17, 1720 (see Ibid., 51.)

19 Frelinghuysen served four churches in this region—Raritan, Three Mile Run, Six Mile Run, and North-Branch (later changed to Harlingen). These churches were already organized when Frelinghuysen accepted the call, for it is stated that the call had already been waiting two years. It was released by the Raritan eongregations on June 5, 1718. (See Extracts from the Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam, 1632–1739, New Brunswick, N. J., I).Google Scholar “The territory embraced in his charge was great for one individual to supervise. It extended from New-Brunswick to the north and south branches of the Raritan River, in length from fifteen to twenty miles, and in breadth from ten to twelve. comprehending nearly the whole of the present county of Somerset, east of the mountain, and at this time (1872) occupied by sixteen congregations of the Reformed Dutch Church. The place of his residence was about three miles west of New Brunswick; and thence he visited and preached at all the different points where his services were required.” Messler, Memorial Sermons, 163–67.

20 Frelinghuysen, P. H. B., T. J. Frelinghuysen, 21.Google Scholar

21 Frelinghuysen “appointed from among the most gifted and experienced of his male members certain individuals whom he called ‘helpers,’ whose office was to expound the Scriptures in the meetings for prayer and conduct them with order, visit and converse with the anxious … and to catechise the youth.” (See Messler, , Memorial Sermons, 27).Google Scholar This practice by many was regarded a bold departure from the traditional church and hence a cause of great discontent.

22 Klagte Von Eenige, 1–11.

23 Ibid.

24 Frelinghuysen, T. J., Sermons, 26 f.Google Scholar

25 Ibid., 53.

26 Ibid., 65–66.

27 Messler, , Memorial Sermons, 170.Google Scholar

28 Frelinghuysen, T. J., Sermons, 162.Google Scholar

29 Ibid., 101 f.

30 Ibid., 114.

31 The similarity of this statement to that of Spener's in his main work, Pia Desideria (see chap. ii, p. 17) is iadeed striking. It appears very much as though it was copied almost word for word, however, we have no direct evidence.

32 Frelinghuysen, T. J., Sermons, 114–15.Google Scholar

33 Ibid., 117.

34 Ibid., 255.

35 Ibid., 256.

36 Ibid.,

37 Ibid., 258.

38 Klagte Von Eenige, 7.

39 Frelinghuysen, T. J., Sermons. 77.Google Scholar

40 Ibid., 311–12.

41 Ibid., 313–14.

42 Ibid., 66.

43 Ibid., 4.

44 Both Frelinghuysen and Schureman were unmarried at the time of their coming to America. They lived together with the Henry Reyniersz family near ThreeMile-Ruu. Frelinghuysen later married Eva Terhune and Schureman married her sister Antje. The Frelinghuysens had five sons and two daughters. The sons were all ministers and the daughters married ministers. (See Frelinghuysen, P. H. B., T. J. Fretinghuysen, 33–34).Google Scholar

45 Ecclesiastical Records of the State of New York, ed. E. T. Corwin (Albany, 1902), III, 2201–02.Google Scholar

46 A copy of the original Dutch manuscript is to be found hi the Sage Library, New Brunswick Seminary, New Brunswick.

47 In all, there were seventeen charges directed against Frelinghuysen (Ecclesiastical Records), VI, 2352–55. See appendix for list of such charges and nature of Complaint, 165–66.

48 Thompson, Henry P., History of the Reformed Church at Readington, New Jerey (1719–1881), (New York, 1882), 11.Google Scholar

49 Ecclesiastical Records, IV, 2426.

50 Klagte Von Eenige, xi.

51 Ibid., 29.

52 Joseph Morgan was a Presbyterian minister “but had the peculiar responsibility of serving both the Dutch and Scotch settlers of Moumouth County,” in New Jersey.

53 Klagte Von Eenige, 32–35.

54 Ibid., 101.

55 Frelinghuysen, P. H. B., T. J. Frelinghusen, 57.Google Scholar

56 The following is part of the letter written to Frelinghuysen by the Classis in June 1726: “Reverend, Godly, and Highly Learned Sir, and Beloved Brother: Some time ago there was placed in our hands the little book which accompanies this letter, styled “Complaint of Certain Members of the Dutch Reformed Church living at Raritan,” etc., respecting the action of yourself and Consistory towards these Complainants, who are the authors and senders of the same. This complaint was laid on our table with the desire that we should give judgment upon it, and if possible, redress and prevent all irregularities which might be found to have happened on either side. We have had this writing examined by our Committee. It is very prolix and contains many things worthy of no attention; nevertheless it contains evidences of great divisions and estrangements in your churches, whose glory should be Love and Peace … (See Ecclesiastical Records. IV, 2381 f.)

57 Ibid., IV, 2417.

58 Ibid.

59 Frelinghuysen himself admits that he had erred. (See Ecclesiastical Records, IV, 2459.) “That whieh the Classis demands of me, as the way toward peace, is this: that I should freely confess, that in several instances, things might have been said or done somewhat differently… To all this, I yield, out of love of peace, and from respect for the Classis…”

60 Frelinghuysen, T. J., Sermons, 353–54.Google Scholar

61 “Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen,” Dictionary of American Biography, ed. Johnson and Malone, VII, 17–18.Google Scholar

62 Frelinghuysen “probably is the person who is responsible for the first suggestion of the establishment of a college in America for the education of Dutch youths. The college came into existence in 1766 (Queens college), changed in 1825 to Rutgers college…He was an early advocate for the establishment of an ecclesiastical judicatory in this country, with more enlarged powers than hath hitherto been granted by the Church in Holland.” (See Corwin, Edward T. (ed.), A Manual of the Reformed Church in America, 1628–1922, 5th ed., New York, 1859, 335 f.)Google Scholar

63 Klagte Von Eenige, 101–02.

64 Maxson, , The Great Awakening, 18 f.Google Scholar

65 Frelinghuysen, P. H. B., T. J. Frelinghnysen, 46.Google Scholar (See also Maxson, The Great Awakening, 27).

66 MSS., “Extracts from the Church Records—Second Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia” (Presbyterian Historical Society); see also Minutes of Synod of Philadelphia, 1726, 83 f.Google Scholar

67 Ecelesiasical Records, IV, 2587.

68 Prince, Thomas, The Christian History (Boston, 1745), 13–18.Google Scholar

69 Edwards, , Narrative of Surprising Conversions, 24.Google Scholar

70 Prince, , The Christian History, 299.Google Scholar

71 Whitefield's Journal, November, 1739, quoted by Frelinghuysen, P. H. B., T. J. Frelinghuysen, 62.Google Scholar

72 Maxson, , The Great Awakening, 16.Google Scholar