Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-tn8tq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-28T14:52:15.053Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Lollards in Pre-Reformation Scotland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2009

W. Stanford Reid
W. Stanford Reid
Affiliation:
McGill University, Montreal, P. Q.Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The influence of the Lollard movement on the Scottish Reformation was pointed out by John Knox in the sixteenth century; and in the latter part of the nineteenth century the same point was stressed by the Historiographer Royal for Scotland, P. Hume Brown. Yet in spite of such illustrious advocacy, with one or two minor exceptions, little attention has been paid to the Wycliffite tradition in fifteenth century Scotland. It has generally been taken for granted that the Lollards were unimportant and possessed little or no influence. When all the information on the movement which we possess, however, is brought together, one cannot but feel that they had a greater influence on their own time than has heretofore been allowed: Not only did the early reformers consider them very important, but today also, in spite of predilections for economic interpretations of history, they must be regarded as one of the important sources of the Scottish Reformation.

Type
Research Article
Information
Church History , Volume 11 , Issue 4 , December 1942 , pp. 269 - 283
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Church History 1942

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Knox, John, The History of the Reformation in Scotland, Laing, D., ed. (Edinburgh, 1846), I, IffGoogle Scholar (Bannatyne Club) D. L.

2 Brown, P. H., John Knox (London, 1895), I, 46.Google Scholar

3 Rotuli Scotiae (London, 1814), I, 800–11, 83Google Scholar; Lyte, H. C., History of the University of Oxford (1886), 308.Google Scholar Most of them probably went to Balliol College with which Wycliffe was connected.

4 Steuart, A. F., “Scotland and the Papacy during the Great Schism.” Scottish Historical Review, IV (1906), 147.Google Scholar

5 Lnnes, C., ed., Liber S. Marie de Calchou (Edinburgh, 1846), II, 38Google Scholar (Bannatyne Club); Morton, J., Monastic Annals of Teviotdale (Edinburgh, 1882), 92, 93.Google Scholar

6 Tytler, P. F., The History of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1864), II, 38.Google Scholar

7 de Fordun, Johannis, Scotichronicon cum supplemento et continuatione Walteri Boweri (Edinburgh, 1759), II, 441ff.Google Scholar

8 Bellesheim, A., A History of the Catholic Church of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1887), II, 55.Google Scholar

9 Laing, A., Lindores Abbey (Edinburgh, 1876), 103Google Scholar; Wilkie, Jas., The Benedictine Monasteries of Northern Fife (Edinburgh, 1927), 127Google Scholar; Anderson, J. M., “The Beginnings of St. Andrews University,” Scottish Historical Review, VIII (1911), 237.Google Scholar

10 Dempster, Thomas, Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum (Edinburgh, 1829), II, 443Google Scholar (Bannatyne Club); Baxter, J. H., “Four ‘new’ medieval Scottish’ authors,” Scottish Historical Review, XXV (1928), 92.Google Scholar

11 Baxter, J. H., ed., Copiale Prioratus Sanctiandree (Edinburgh), lx, 230–235Google Scholar; Workman, H. B., John Wyclif (Oxford, 1926), I, 10Google Scholar; Calendar of Patent Rolls; Henry IV, III (1907), 362.Google Scholar

12 Anderson, “St. Andrews University,” 229; Maitland, J. M.,“James I and the University of St. Andrews,” Scottish Historical Review, IV (1906), 313.Google Scholar

13 Anderson, “St. Andrews University,” 240; Hannay, R. K., The Statutes of the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Theology at the Reformation (St. Andrews, 1910), 8.Google Scholar

14 Finke, H., Acta Concilia Constanciensis (Münster, 1923), II, 627, 399Google Scholar; III, 419; Copiale, 253.

15 Burnett, Geo., ed., The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, (Edinburgh, 1880), IV, 102Google Scholar; Fraser, Sir Wm., The Douglas Book (Edinburgh, 1885), I, 384Google Scholar; Rot. Scot., II, 204.

16 Bain, J., A Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland in the Public Record Office, (Edinburgh, 1888), IVGoogle Scholar, No. 567.

17 Oman, C., The Political History of England from the Accession of Richard II to the Death of Richard III (London, 1910), 237.Google Scholar

18 Bentley, S., ed., Excerpta Historica, or Illustrations of English History (London, 1833), 144Google Scholar; Clcopatra, F., British Museum, Cottonian Ms., IVGoogle Scholar, fo. 109.

19 Thomas, of Walsingham, , Ypodigma Neustria, 1876, 482–4Google Scholar (Rolls Series).

20 Knox, , The Reformation in Scotland, M'Gavin, Wm., ed. (Edinburgh, 4th ed.), 3Google Scholar; D. Laing, ed., I, 496.

21 Innes, C., ed., Liber S. Marie de Melrose (Edinburgh, 1837), II, 542Google Scholar (Bannatyne Club); Rogers, C., ed., Rental Book of the Cistercian Abbey of CuparAngus (London, 1879), I, 40 (Grampian Club)Google Scholar; Boece, Hector, Hystory and Croniklis of Scotland, Bellenden, J., ed. (Edinburgh, 1519), fo. ccxlviiGoogle Scholar; Dempster, , Historia Ecclesiastica, II, 288.Google Scholar

22 Thomson, Thos., ed., Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland (1814), II, 7.Google Scholar

23 Copiale, 71, 424. The action of the lecturer, a Master of Arts of the university, is a commentary upon the effectiveness of the oath of 1416.

24 Denifle, H. and Chatelaine, A., Auctarium Chartularii Universitatis Parisiensis (Paris, 1937), II, 190Google Scholar. I am indebted to Professor S. Harrison Thomson, University of Colorado, for some of my information regarding Crawar's European Career.

25 Skene, F. J., ed., Liber Plusoardensis (Edinburgh), I, 377.Google Scholar

26 Laing, Andrew, St. Andrews (Edinburgh, 1893), 77Google Scholar; Bellesheim, , Catholic Church of Scotland, II, 56Google Scholar; Fordun, , Scotichronicon, xv, 20–22.Google Scholar

27 Liber Pluscardensis, I, 378.

28 Copiale, 136, 178ff, 383; Cameron, A. I., ed., The Apostolic Camera and Scottish Benefices, 1418–1488 (London, 1934), 126Google Scholar; Calendar of Papal Registers—Letters (London), VIII, 670.Google Scholar

29 Fordun, , Scotichronicon, II, 495.Google Scholar

30 Lyon, C. J., The History of St. Andrews (Edinburgh, 1843), II, 239, 241Google Scholar; Calendar of Papal Registers—Letters, XII, 313.

31 Hannay, , The Statutes, 29Google Scholar; Laing, , Lindores Abbey, 72, 73Google Scholar; Lindsay, T. M., “A Literary Relic of Lollardy in Scotland,” Scottish Historical Review, I (1904), 270.Google Scholar

32 Gairdner, Jas., Lollardy and the English Reformation, (London, 1908), I, 275Google Scholar; Knox, , The Reformation in Scotland, I, 500Google Scholar; Small, J., ed., Poems of William Dunbar (Edinburgh, 1893), II, xxxi, 28Google Scholar; Ross, J. M., Scottish History and Literature to the Reformation (Glasgow, 1884), 171.Google Scholar

33 Law, T. G., ed., New Testament in Scots (Edinburgh, 1901), xGoogle Scholar (Scot. Text Society); M'Crie, Thos., The Life of Andrew Melville (Edinburgh, 1824), I, 419.Google Scholar

34 Knox, , The Reformation in Scotland, I, 4–11Google Scholar; Register of the Great Seal of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1882), IIGoogle Scholar, No. 2454.

35 Easson, D. E., “The Lollards of Kyle,” Juridical Review, XLVIII (Edinburgh, 1936), 127Google Scholar; Bain, J. and Rogers, C., The Diocesan Registers of Glasgow (London, 1875), II, 156 (Grampian Club).Google Scholar

36 Knox, , The Reformation in Scotland, I, 7Google Scholar; Paul, J. Balfour, ed., The Scots Peerage (Edinburgh, 1911), VIII, 114, 115Google Scholar; Reg. Grt. Seal, II, No. 1669, 2067, 2315.

37 Reg. Grt. Seal, II, No. 2836; Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1908), IGoogle Scholar, No. 1663.

38 Reg. Grt. Seal, II, No. 3158, 3638; Easson, “The Lollards of Kyle,” 125.

39 Duke, John, A History of the Church of Scotland to the Reformation (Edinburgh, 1937), 131Google Scholar; Calderwood, Thos., The History of the Kirk of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1842), I, 54 (Wodrow Society).Google Scholar

40 Dioc. Regs. Glasgow, II, 50.

41 Ibid., 415.

42 M'Crie, , Andrew Melville, I, 419.Google Scholar