Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-jbqgn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-05T04:13:28.116Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Tom Brown's Schooldays and the Development of “Muscular Christianity”

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2009

William E. Winn
Affiliation:
Garrett Biblical Institute

Extract

The Broad Church movement, of which “muscular Christianity” was one of the most influential expressions, represented a type of liberalism within the Church of England. Benjamin Jowett claimed that the name “Broad Church” was first proposed in his hearing by Arthur Hugh Clough and that it had become a familiar term in circles at Oxford a few years before 1850. In July 1850, A. P. Stanley, writing on the Gorham controversy in the Edinburgh Review, said that the Church of England was “by the very conditions of its being, not High or Low, but Broad.” The term “Broad Church”, however only began to be used generally from October 1853, when an unsigned article by W. J. Conybeare, entitled “Church Parties,” appeared, also in the Edinburgh Review. F. D. Maurice believed that Conybeare invented the name.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Church History 1960

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Faber, Geoffrey, Jowett (London: Faber and Faber, 1957), p. 316.Google Scholar

2 Stanley, A. P., “The Gorham Controversy,” The Edinburgh Review, Vol.92 (1850), p. 266.Google Scholar

3 Conybeare, W. J., “Church Parties,” The Edinburgh Review, Vol 98 (1853),p. 292.Google Scholar

4 Sanders, Charles R.Coleridge and the Broad Church Movement (Durham. N.C: Duke University Press, 1942), p.91Google Scholar

5 Principal John Tulloch made the interesting observation that “Mr.Maurice's great deficiency as a theologian is just his deficiency in certain critical qualities that belonged to Whately and others and gave a historic breadth to many of their conclusions.” Tulloeh, John, Movements of Religious Thought in Britain During the Nineteenth Century (London: Longmans,Green and Co., 1885), p. 260Google Scholar. A dominant influence upon Maurice was the teaching of Thomas Erskine of Linlathen. The 1848–49 correspondence between Erskine and Samuel Brown reveals concern by these two men with the “I-Thou” conception. Williams, H. Howard, “I and Thou”, The Expository Times, Vol. LXIX No. 2. (11, 1957), pp. 5052.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

6 Pope–Hennessy, Una, Canon Charles Kingsley (London: Chatto and Windus,1948), p. 8.Google Scholar

7 “Kingsley's Miscellanies,” Saturday Review, Vol. 8 (1859), p. 582.

8 ibid., p. 582.

9 “Charles Kingsley,” MacmUlan's Magazine, Vol. 31 (1875), p. 375.

10 Reckitt, Maurice B., Maurice to Temple (London: Faber and Faber, 1946),quoted on p. 219.Google Scholar

11 McCarthy, Justin, Reminiscences Vol. II (London: Chatto and Windus, 1899), p. 251.Google Scholar

12 ibid., pp. 264, 625.

13 Pope–Hennessey, Una, op. cit., p. 3.Google Scholar

14 Hughes, Thomas, Tom Brown at Oxford (London: Macmillan, 1874), p. 112.Google Scholar

15 Lake, Katharine, Memorials of William Charles Lake (London:Edward Arnold, 1901), quoted on p. 8.Google Scholar

16 Nicholson, Harold, Good Behaviour (London: Constable and Co.,1955),quoted on p. 257.Google ScholarThe British “public school” is similar to the American private school.

17 Hughes, Thomas, Tom Brown's Schooldays (London: Daily Sketch Publications,n.d.), p. 257.Google Scholar

18 Mack, Edward C. and Annytage, W. H. G.,Thomas Hughes (London: Ernest Benn, 1952), 100, 101.Google Scholar

19 “Tom Brown's Schooldays,” The Edinburgh Review, Vol. CVII (1858), p. 176.

20 Mack, Edward C, Public Schools and British Opinion (London: Methuen and Co., 1938), pp. 80, 81.Google Scholar

21 Russell, Bertrand, Education and the Social Order (London: Allen and Unwin, 1932), pp. 80, 81.Google Scholar

22 Mack, Edward C. and Armytage, W. H. G., Thomas Hughes, op. cit., p. 101.Google Scholar

23 Johnson, Everet R., “ The Confusing ‘C ’ in YMCA,” Christianity Today,Vol. II, No. 14 (1958), pp. 58.Google Scholar

24 Newman, John Henry, History of My Religious Opinions (London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green,1865), p. 315.Google Scholar