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Arthmius of Zeleia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

M. Cary
Affiliation:
University of London.

Extract

Among the shining examples of the panhellenic spirit of Athens in the spacious days of the Persian Wars, which Attic orators of the fourth century were fond of parading before their degenerate audiences, was an act of the Athenian Ecclesia, by which one Arthmius of Zeleia was declared an outlaw in the territory of Athens and her allies, ‘for that he had brought the gold from Media into Peloponnesus.’ This Psephisma is cited twice over in the speeches of Demosthenes. On the principle that the Devil may quote Scripture, Aeschines cast it back into Demosthenes' teeth. From Aeschines we learn further that Arthmius had visited Athens in the course of his errand, and that he had narrowly escaped execution at the hands of the irate citizens. The proceedings against Arthmius were also recorded by Dinarchus, by Plutarch and by Aelius Aristides.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Classical Association 1935

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References

page 177 note 1 Philippic III, § 41; Falsa Legatio, § 271 (where it is said more loosely that the gold was brought ‘to Greece’).

page 177 note 2 In Ctesiphontem, § 258. The text of the decree against Arthmius was preserved on a bronze slab on the Acropolis.

page 177 note 3 C. Aristogitonem, § 24.

page 177 note 4 Themistocles, ch. 6.

page 177 note 5 Panathenaicus (ed. I, Dindorf, p. 310)Google Scholar;'Тπρ Тν Тεττάρων (ibid. II, p. 392).

page 177 note 6 Vol. IV, p. 357 n. 3, in the 1903 edition.

page 177 note 7 Griechische Geschichte, vol. II, p. 653 n. 3.

page 177 note 8 Revue de Philologie, 1933, pp. 237 ff. Busolt and Colin give good reviews of previous discussiouon the subject.

page 177 note 9 Thucydides I. 109.

page 177 note 10 Diodorus XI. 74. 5–6.

page 178 note 1 Theopompus, fr. 88 (ed. Grenfell and Hunt); Plutarch, Cimon, chs. 17–18; Nepos, Cornelius, Cimon 3. 3Google Scholar. The muddled passage in Andocideshe 3. 3 gives no clear date for Cimon's recall.

page 178 note 2 So Busolt, III. 1, p. 316 ff.; Ed. Meyer, , Geschichte des Altertums, vol. III, p. 597Google Scholar; Glotz-Cohen, , Histoire grecque, vol. II, p. 154Google Scholar; Bury, , History of Greece, p. 357Google Scholar; and (with some reserve) Wells, , Studies in Herodotus, p. 142Google Scholar.

page 178 note 3 In addition to the ‘Peace of Cimon,’ Diodorus (XI. 80. 6) mentions a special truce of four months after Tanagra. But he does not ascribe this armistice to Cimon, and in any case has made a bad blander here, for it is perfectly plain from Thucydides that the Athenians carried on hostilities after Tanagra without interruption.

page 178 note 4 So Beloch, , Griechische Geschichte, vol. II. 2. pp. 210–11Google Scholar; Walker, E. M., in Cambr. Anc. Hist. V, pp. 468–9Google Scholar. Walker pertinently asks why Cimon was not sent to retrieve the Egyptian Expedition.

page 178 note 5 Archaeologisch-epigraphische Mitteilungen aus Österreich, vol. XVI, pp. 55 ff.

page 178 note 6 Vol. II. 1, p. 175 n.

page 178 note 7 Meyer (vol. Ill, pp. 606,608) suggests c. 454 B.C., thus making the worst of both worlds.

page 179 note 1 The first clear case in which the Athenians are known to have extended their jurisdiction over their allies is in the act regulating the affairs of Erythrae. (Tod, , Greek Historical Inscriptions, no. 29, Is. 2530.)Google Scholar This decree is usually dated at 455 or 450 B.C.

page 179 note 2 In the Second Athenian Confederacy provision was made for joint action in the case of offences against the federal constitution. (Hicks, and Hill, , Greek Historical Inscriptions, no. 101, Is. 5163.)Google Scholar Presumably similar arrangements were made at the inception of the Delian League.

page 179 note 3 Busolt III. 1, p. 90. Kahrstedt goes so far as to assume that Pausanias acted under instructions from the home government and concluded a peace between Sparta and Persia. (Hermes, 1921, pp. 320 ff.) The difficulties in this theory have been exposed by Judeich. (Ibid., 1923, pp. 1 ff.)

page 179 note 4 One of the older scholia to Aristides (ed. Dindorf III, p. 327) asserts that the gold was sent ες ‘Λαкεδαίμοѵα’ But this passage is utterly confused and carries no weight.

page 179 note 5 Herodotus VII. 148–52; IX. 10. This writer's testimony is all the more convincing, as he was a reluctant witness to the medism of Argos.

page 180 note 1 Herodotus VII. 151. On the date of this embassy see Walker, , Cambr. Anc.Hist. vol. V, p. 75Google Scholar.

page 180 note 2 Herodotus IX. 35. The date of this war cannot be determined precisely.

page 180 note 3 Xenophon, , Hellenica III. 5. IGoogle Scholar.

page 180 note 4 For this date see Grenfell, and Hunt, , Oxyrhynchus Papyri, vol. V, pp. 204–5Google Scholar.

page 180 note 5 Grote, who did not know the new scholium to Aristides, and therefore believed that the author of the ban upon Arthmius was Themistocles, was unable to see the affaire Arthmius in this light.