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Diagenesis of trioctahedral clays in a Miocene to Pleistocene sedimentary–magmatic sequence in the Dead Sea Rift, Israel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

A. Sandler ,
Y. Nathan ,
Y. Eshet  and
M. Raab
A. Sandler*
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Yisrael St., Jerusalem 95501, Israel
Y. Nathan
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Yisrael St., Jerusalem 95501, Israel
Y. Eshet
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Yisrael St., Jerusalem 95501, Israel
M. Raab
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Yisrael St., Jerusalem 95501, Israel
*
*E-mail: sandler@mail.gsi.gov.il
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Abstract

The diagenetic evolution of clay minerals in a 4249 m sedimentary-magmatic sequence of the Zemah-1 drillhole in the Dead Sea Rift, Israel, was studied, mainly by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The parallel maturation of the organic matter was estimated by the thermal alteration index (TAI) method. Both parameters follow a progressive diagenesis with depth. The original clays, now encountered only at shallow depths, were dioctahedral, and mostly detrital. They transformed into Mg-rich trioctahedral clays starting with a saponite-dominated assemblage, followed by a saponite, ordered chlorite-smectite (C-S), and chlorite assemblage, and finally by a saponite, corrensite, chlorite and talc assemblage. Significant mineralogical composition gaps occur between saponite to corrensite and corrensite to chlorite. Short-range variations within the most evolved assemblage are controlled by bulk-rock composition. Depths of first occurrence and disappearance of minerals indicate a much higher geothermal gradient in the past whereas the TAI values suggest an even higher palaeogradient of ∼708C km–1.

Keywords

trioctahedral clayscorrensitediagenesisthermal alteration indexDead Sea Rift
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 36 , Issue 1 , March 2001 , pp. 29 - 47
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2001

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