Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-q6k6v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T15:25:00.506Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fluid flow through clayey soils: stable isotope and mineralogical evidence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

L. S. Doser ,
R. E. Ferrell Jr. ,
F. J. Longstaffe  and
P. M. Walthall
L. S. Doser
Affiliation:
Department of Geology & Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
R. E. Ferrell Jr.*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology & Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
F. J. Longstaffe
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
P. M. Walthall
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
*
2Corresponding author
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The evaluation of clays as barriers to fluid movement can be improved by geochemical methods that provide ways to examine the reactivity and weathering of minerals in soils and sediments. X-ray radiography, X-ray powder diffraction, and stable isotope geochemistry provide new data from field locations in the Mississippi River Delta of Louisiana indicating that the clays are not effective barriers to the vertical migration of fluids in the shallow subsurface. Systematic changes in the mineral assemblages, the soil structure and the δD and δ18O values of time clay fractions can best be explained by an alteration sequence produced as the originally smectiterich clay mineral assemblage was kaolinized by percolating groundwater.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 33 , Issue 1 , March 1998 , pp. 43 - 49
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

Present address: Envirocorp Services & Technology, Inc., of South Bend, Indiana, USA

References

Autin, W.J., Burns, S.F., Miller, B.J., Saucier, R.T. & Snead, J.l. (1991) Quaternary geology of the Lower Mississippi Valley. Pp. 547–582 in: Quaternary Nonglacial Geology; Conterminous U. S. The Geology of North America. 1-2. (Morrison, R.B., editor). Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado.Google Scholar
Bigeleisen, J., Perlman, M.L. & Prosser, H.C. (1952) Conversion of hydrogenic materials to hydrogen for isotopic analysis. Anal. Chem. 24, 1356.Google Scholar
Bird, M.I. & Chivas, A.R. (1988) Stable-isotope evidence for low-temperature kaolinitic weathering and postformational hydrogen-isotope exchange in Permian kaolinites. Chem. Geol. (Isotope Geosci. Sec.), 72, 249–265.Google Scholar
Clayton, R.N. & Mayeda, T.K. (1963) The use of bromine pentafluoride in the extraction of oxygen from oxides and silicates for isotopic analysis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 27, 43–52.Google Scholar
Craig, H. (1961). Standard for reporting concentrations of deuterium and oxygen-18 in natural waters. Science, 133, 1833–1834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doser, L.S. (1994) Fluid flow through clayey soils. MS thesis, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.Google Scholar
Ferrell, R.E., Arman, A. & Grosch, J.J. (1989) X-ray radiographic investigation of perchloroethylene migration at the Livingston derailment site. Geotechnical Testing J. 12, 119–125.Google Scholar
Fetter, C.W. (1994) Applied Hydrogeology. Macmillan, New York.Google Scholar
Gonthier, G. & Aharon, P. (1990) Groundwater sources and flow patterns derived from stable isotopes and elemental chemistry of the southeast Louisiana freshwater aquifers. Trans. Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. XL, 251-263.Google Scholar
Griffin, J.J. & Johns, W.D.. (1958) Clay mineral composition of the Mississippi River and major tributaries (abs.). Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 69, 1574.Google Scholar
Ho, C. & Coleman, J.M. (1969) Consolidation and cementation of Recent sediments in the Atchafalaya Basin. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 80, 183–191.Google Scholar
Huang, K., Ferrell, R.E. & Leblanc, W.S. (1993) Computer assisted interpretation of clay mineral XRD. Abstracts with Program, Clay Minerals Society 30th Annual Meeting. San Diego, California. P. 51.Google Scholar
Johns, W.D. & Grim, R.E. (1958) Clay mineral composition of recent sediments from Mississippi River delta. J. Sed. Pet. 28, 186–199.Google Scholar
Kyser, T.K. & O'Neil, J.R. (1984) Hydrogen isotope systematics of submarine basalts. Geoehim. Cosmochim. Acta, 48, 2123–2133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, J.R. & Taylor, H.P. Jr. (1971) Deuterium and oxygen-18 correlation: Clay minerals and hydroxides in Quaternary soil compared to meteoric waters. Geochim. Cosmochim. Aeta, 35, 993–1003.Google Scholar
Longstaffe, F.J. & Ayalon, A. (1990) Hydrogen-isotope geochemistry of diagenetic clay minerals from Cretaceous sandstones, Alberta, Canada: Evidence for exchange. Appl. Geochem. 5, 657–668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Louissaint, J. (I993) Comparison of clay minerals from Mississippi and Red River alluvial soils qualitative and quantitative analysis. MS thesis, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.Google Scholar
Mizota, C. & Longstaffe, F.J. (1996) Origin of Cretaceous and Oligocene kaolinites from the Iwaizumi clay deposit, Iwate, Northeastern Japan. Clays Clay Miner. 44, 408–416 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, D. M. & Reynolds, R.C. (1989) X-ray Diffraction and Identification of Clay Minerals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R.C. (1980) Interstratified clay minerals. Pp. 249–303 in: Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification. (Brindley, G.W. & Brown, G., editors). Monograph No. 5. Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R.C. (1985) NEWMOD a computer program for the calculation of the one dimensional diffraction patterns of mixed-layered clays. R.C. Reynolds, Jr., 8 Brook Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.Google Scholar
Savin, S.M. & Epstein, S. (1970) The oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of clay mineral. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 34, 25–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheppard, S.M,F. & Gilg, H.A. (1996) Stable isotope geochemistry of clay minerals. Clay Miner. 31, 1–24.Google Scholar
Yeh, H.-W. & Eslinger, E.V. (1986) Oxygen isotopes and the extent of diagenesis of clay minerals during sedimentation and burial in the sea. Clays Clay Miner. 34, 403–406.Google Scholar