Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-jwnkl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-10T18:51:04.076Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Geochemical characteristics of the alteration of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks in the Feres Basin, Thrace, NE Greece

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

I. Marantos ,
Th. Markopoulos ,
G. E. Christidis  and
V. Perdikatsis
I. Marantos*
Affiliation:
I.G.M.E., Olympic Village, 136 77 Acharnes, Greece
Th. Markopoulos
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
G. E. Christidis
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
V. Perdikatsis
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
*
*E-mail: marantos@igme.gr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Tertiary basin of Feres consists of sedimentary rocks, andesitic-rhyolitic volcanic rocks of K-rich calc-alkaline affinities, rocks with calc-alkaline and shoshonitic affinities and volcaniclastic fall and flow deposits. Volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks have variable concentrations of LIL elements (Ba, Sr, Rb, Th) and HFS elements (Zr, V) due to their mode of origin. The pyroclastic flows frequently show more or less intense devitrification, vapour-phase crystallization and, in some cases, evidence of fumarolic activity, as is indicated by the presence of scapolite. The volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks display various types of alteration including formation of zeolites (clinoptilolite, heulandite, mordenite, and laumontite) and smectite, as well as hydrothermal alteration (development of silicic, argillic, sericitic and propylitic zones) associated with polymetallic mineralization. The behaviour of chemical elements during alteration varies. Some are immobile and their distribution is controlled by the conditions prevailing during parent-rock formation and emplacement, but others, such as Ba and Sr, are mobile and selectively fractionate in zeolite extra-framework sites. The formation of zeolite from alteration of volcanic glass is accompanied by an increase in Mg and Al content, and a decrease in Si and Na content, whereas Ca is not affected by alteration. In certain pyroclastic flows, there is a significant difference in K-content between incipient glass and altered rock, due to K-feldspar formation during devitrification and vapour-phase crystallization.

Keywords

Feres basinvolcanic rockszeolitizationdevitrificationvapour-phase crystallizationchemical element mobilization
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 43 , Issue 4 , December 2008 , pp. 575 - 595
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aleksiev, B. & Djurova, E.G. (1975) on the origin of zeolite rocks. Comptes Rendus Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 28, 517–520.Google Scholar
Baker, B.H., Gordon, G.G., Leeman, W.P. & Lindstrom, M.M. (1977) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of a basalt—benmoreite—trachyte suite from the southern part of the Gregory rift, Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 64, 303–332.Google Scholar
Boles, J. R. & Surdam, R.G. (1975) Mineral reactions in zeolitic Triassic tuffs, Hokonui Hills, New Zealand. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 86, 163–173.Google Scholar
Chipera, S.J. & Apps, J.A. (2001) Geochemical stability of natural zeolites. Pp. 117–161 in: Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Applications (Bish, D.L. & Ming, D.W. editors). Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry, 45, Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, VA, and the Geochemical Society, St. Louis, MO, USA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christidis, G.E. (1998) Comparative study of the mobility of major and trace elements during alteration of an andesite and a rhyolite to bentonite in the island of Milos and Kimolos, Greece. Clays and Clay Minerals, 46, 379–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christidis, G. (2001) Formation and growth of smectites in bentonites: a case study from Kimolos Island, Aegean, Greece. Clays and Clay Minerals, 49, 204–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dibble, W.E. Jr & Tiller, W.A. (1981) Kinetic model of zeolite paragenesis in tuffaceous sediments. Clays and Clay Minerals, 29, 323–330.Google Scholar
Eleftheriades, G. (1995) Petrogenesis of the Oligocene volcanics from the central Rhodope massif (N. Greece). European Journal of Mineralogy, 7, 1169–1182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottardi, G. (1989) The genesis of zeolites. European Journal of Mineralogy, 1, 479–489.Google Scholar
Gottardi, G. & Galli, E. (1985) Natural Zeolites. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 409 pp.Google Scholar
Hall, A. (1998) Zeolitization of volcaniclastic sediments: the role of temperature and pH. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 68, 739–745.Google Scholar
Hay, R.L. (1966) Zeolite and zeolite reactions in sedimentary rocks. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 85, 130 pp.Google Scholar
Hawkins, D.B. (1981) Kinetic of glass dissolution and zeolite formation under hydrothermal conditions. Clays and Clay Minerals, 29, 331–340.Google Scholar
Henderson, P. (1990) Inorganic Geochemistry. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 353 pp.Google Scholar
Hill, I.G., Worden, R.H. & Meighan, I.G. (2000) Yttrium: the immobility—mobility transition during basaltic weathering. Geology, 28, 923–926.Google Scholar
Hill, R.J. (1992) Applications of Rietveld analysis to materials characterization in solid-state chemistry, physics and mineralogy. Pp 25–38 in: Advances in X-ray Analysis (Barrett, C.S., Gilfrich, J.V., Huang, T.C., Jenkins, R., McCarthy, G.J., Predecki, P.K., Ryon, R. & Smith, D.K., editors). Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Huppert, H.R. & Sparks, R.S.J. (1988) The generation of granitic magmas by intrusion of basalts into continental crust. Journal of Petrology, 29, 599–624.Google Scholar
Iijima, A. (1978) Geological occurrence of zeolites in marine environments. Pp. 175–198 in: Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Use (Sand, L.B. & Mumpton, F.A., editors). Pergamon Press, London.Google Scholar
Iizima, A. (1974) Clay and zeolitic alteration zones surrounding Kuroko deposits in the Hokuroku district, northern Akita, as submarine hydrothermal— diagenetic alteration products. Mining Geology Special issue, 6, 267–289.Google Scholar
Iizima, A. (1984) A petrochemical aspect of the zeolite formation in volcaniclastic rocks. Pp. 29–52 in. Proceedings of 27th International Geological Congress, 4. Sedimentology, VNU Science Press.Google Scholar
Innocenti, F., Kolios, N., Manetti, P., Mazzuoli, R., Peccerilo, A., Rita, F. & Villari, L. (1984) Evolution and geodynamic significance of the Tertiary orogenic volcanism in NE Greece. Bulletin of Volcanology, 47, 25–37.Google Scholar
Irving, A.J. (1978) A review of experimental studies of crystal/liquid trace element partitioning. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Ada, 42, 743–770.Google Scholar
Jack, R. N. & Carmichael, I. S. E. (1969) The Chemical ‘Fingerprinting’ of Acid Volcanic Rocks. California Division of Mines and Geology, Special Paper, 100, 17–32.Google Scholar
Jakes, P. & White, A.J.R. (1972) Major and trace element abundances in volcanic rocks of orogenic areas. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 83, 29–40 Google Scholar
Karafoti, M. & Arikas, K., (1990) Petrography and geochemistry of Tertiary volcanic rocks between Lutra and Feres (Thrace, Northeastern Greece). Geologica Rhodopica, 2, 227–240.Google Scholar
Kirov, G.N., Pechigargov, V. & Landzheva, E. (1979) Experimental crystallization of volcanic glasses in a thermal gradient field. Chemical Geology, 26, 17–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsen, L.M. (1979) Distribution of REE and other trace elements between phenocrysts and peralkaline undersaturated magmas, exemplified by rocks from the Gardar igneous province, south Greenland. Lithos, 12, 303–315.Google Scholar
Le Roex, A.P. (1985) Geochemistry, mineralogy and magmatic evolution of the basaltic and trachytic lavas from Gough island, South Atlantic. Journal of Petrology, 26, 149–186.Google Scholar
Litvinovsky, B.A. & Podladchikov, Y.Y. (1993) Crustal anatexis during the influx of mantle volatiles. Lithos, 30, 93–107.Google Scholar
Lofgren, G. (1971) Experimentally produced devitrification textures in natural rhyolitic glass. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 82, 111–124.Google Scholar
Marantos, I. (2004) Study of the Tertiary volcanic rocks alteration in the Feres basin of Evros prefecture, emphasizing on the genesis of zeolites and their possible applications. PhD thesis, Technical University of Crete, Greece (in Greek).Google Scholar
Marantos, I., Markopoulos, Th. & Christidis, G.E. (2007) Zeolitic alteration in the Feres Tertiary volcanosedimentary basin, Thrace, NE Greece. Mineralogical Magazine 71, 327–355.Google Scholar
Marchev, P. & Shanov, S. (1991) Potassium and silica variation in the Paleogenic-Macedonian-Rhodopean- North Aegean volcanic belt: geodynamic and petrogenetic implications. Geologica Balcanica, 21, 3–11.Google Scholar
Michael, C., Katirtzoglou, C., Perdikatsis, V. & Constantinides, D. (1989) The polymetallic mineralization of the Pefka area, Evros county, Greece. Geologica Rhodopica, 1, 322–329.Google Scholar
Moncure, G.K., Surdam, R.C. & McKague, H.L. (1981) Zeolite diagenesis below the Pahute Mesa Nevada test site. Clays and Clay Minerals, 29, 385–396.Google Scholar
Papadopoulos, P. (1980) Geological map of Greece, Ferres Sheet, scale 1:50 000, IGME.Google Scholar
Papadopoulos, P. & Anastasiadis, I. (2003) Geology of Tertiary basins of SE Rhodope, Thrace. IGME internal report, 20 pp. (in Greek).Google Scholar
Papavassiliou, C. & Sideris, C. (1984) Geochemistry and mineralogy of Tertiary lavas of Sappai-Ferrai area (W. Thrace) — Greece. Implication on their origin. IGME, Geochemical Research, 4, 1–21.Google Scholar
Parker, R.J. (1989) Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of potassium-rich pyroclastic and lava samples from Vulsini volcano, Roman magmatic region. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 39, 297–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W. & Tindle, A.G. (1984) Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25, 956–983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peccerillo, A. & Taylor, S.R. (1976) Geochemistry of Eocene calcalkaline rocks from Kastamonu area northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 68, 63–81.Google Scholar
Pecskay, Z., Eleftheriadis, G., Koroneos, A., Soldatos, T. & Christofides, G. (2003) K/Ar dating, geochemistry and evolution of the Tertiary volcanic rocks (Thrace, Northeastern Greece). Pp. 1229–1232 in: Mineral Exploration and Sustainable Development (Eliopoulos, D., editor). Mill Press, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Ryerson, F.J. & Hess, P.C. (1978) Implication of liquidliquid distribution coefficients to mineral-liquid partitioning. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Ada, 42, 921–932.Google Scholar
Schmincke, H.-U., Viereck, L.G., Griffin, B.J. & Pritchard, R.G. (1982) Volcaniclastic rocks of the Reydarfjordur drill hole, Eastern Iceland. 1. Primary features. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, B8, 6437–6458.Google Scholar
Scott, R.B. (1971) Chemical variation in glass shards and interstitial dust of ignimbrite cooling units. American Journal of Science, 270, 166–173.Google Scholar
Seki, Y. (1973) Ionic substitution and stability of mordenite. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 79, 669–676.Google Scholar
Sheppard, R.A. & Gude, A.J. 3rd (1968) Distribution and genesis of authigenic silicate minerals in tuffs of Pleistocene Lake Tecopa, Inyo County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 597, 38 pp.Google Scholar
Sheppard, R.A. & Hay, R.L. (2001) Formation of zeolites in open hydrologic systems. Pp. 261–276 in. Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Applications (Bish, D.L. & Ming, D.W., editors), Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry, 45, Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, Vrginia, and the Geochemical Society, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.Google Scholar
Smith, R.L. (1960) Zones and zonal variations in welded ash flows. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 354F, F149–F159.Google Scholar
Stamatakis, M., Hall, A. & Hein, J.R. (1996) The zeolite deposits of Greece. Mineralium Deposita, 31, 473–481.Google Scholar
Vatsev, M. (2003) On the paleogene dacite—rhyodacite volcanics in the Western and Central Rhodopes and their geodynamic setting. Annual University of Mining and Geology ‘St. Ivan Rilski’, 46, 201–206.Google Scholar
White, W.M. (2006) Geochemistry. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.Google Scholar
Winchester, J.A. & Floyd, P.A. (1977) Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology, 20, 325–343.Google Scholar
Woodhead, J., Eggins, S. & Gamble, J. (1993) High field strength and transition element systematics in island arc and back-arc basin basalts: evidence for multiphase melt extraction and a depleted mantle wedge. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 114, 491–504.Google Scholar
Yanev, Y., Innocenti, P., Manetti, P. & Serri, G. (1998) Upper Eocene—Oligocene collision-related volcanism in Eastern Rhodope (Bulgaria)—Western Thrace (Greece): petrographic affinity and geodynamic significance. Ada Vulcanologica, 10, 279–291.Google Scholar
Yanev, Y., Cocheme, J.J., Ivanova, R., Grauby, O., Burlet, E. & Pravchanska, R. (2006) Zeolites and zeolitization of acid pyroclastic rocks from paroxysmal Paleogene volcanism, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie Abhandlugen, 182, 265–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zielinski, R.A. (1982) The mobility of uranium and other elements during alteration of rhyolite ash to montmorillonite: a case study in the Troublesome Formation, Colorado, USA. Chemical Geology, 35, 185–204.Google Scholar