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The smectitic minerals in a bentonite deposit from Melo (Uruguay)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

L. Calarge ,
B. Lanson ,
A. Meunier  and
M. L. Formoso
L. Calarge
Affiliation:
Université de Poitiers, LaboratoireHydr'ASA, UMR 6532, 40 Av. du Recteur Pineau, 86022 PoitiersCedex, France Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Geociências, Av. Bento Gonc¸alves 9500, Porto AlegreBrazil
B. Lanson*
Affiliation:
Environmental Geochemistry Group, LGIT, Maison des Géosciences, BP53, University of Grenoble- CNRS, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
A. Meunier
Affiliation:
Université de Poitiers, LaboratoireHydr'ASA, UMR 6532, 40 Av. du Recteur Pineau, 86022 PoitiersCedex, France
M. L. Formoso
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Geociências, Av. Bento Gonc¸alves 9500, Porto AlegreBrazil
*
*E-mail: bruno.lanson@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr
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Abstract

A nearly monomineralic 1.5 m thick bentonite bed sampled in Melo (Uruguay) appears to be a pure high-charge montmorillonite: [Si3.94Al0.06](Al1.40Fe3+0.11Ti0.02Mg0.49Mn0.01)O10 (OH)2Na0.01K0.08Ca0.18. However, contrasting swelling behaviours have been demonstrated by fitting the experimental X-ray diffraction patterns which were recorded on oriented preparations of the same sample in different saturation states. According to the expandability of the layers in the Ca-, K- and K-Ca-saturated (i.e. saturated first with K+ and subsequently with Ca2+) states, three ‘layer types’ were defined. Low-, intermediate-, and high-charge layers are fully, partly, and not expandable, respectively, after K-saturation. Collapse of high-charge layers is not reversible after subsequent Ca-saturation, probably because of tetrahedral substitutions. These three different layer types are segregated in two distinct randomly interstratified mixed-layer phases. Total surface area and cation exchange capacity are shown to depend on the interlayer cation composition.

Keywords

clay mineralsbentonitemontmorillonitemixed-layered mineralsinterstratificationlayer chargesimulationXRD
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 38 , Issue 1 , March 2003 , pp. 25 - 34
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2003

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