Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-qxsvm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-28T16:15:56.373Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

X-Ray Diffraction Criteria for the Characterization of Chloritic Material in Sediments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

W. F. Bradley
W. F. Bradley*
Affiliation:
Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana, USA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Recent surveys of clay mineral assemblages in argillaceous sediments have indicated that chloritic minerals are of more frequent occurrence and of greater significance than was formerly recognized.

The wide latitude of compositional variations within the chlorite crystallization scheme introduces enough complexity into the x-ray diffraction identification and characterization of these minerals that a detailed description of a few typical clay mineral associations seems justified.

For the simplest cases, in which resolution of diffraction features from entirely chloritic grains can actually be demonstrated, analyses may be highly reliable. Further, for many unresolved instances, simple heat treatments effect reliable identifications.

For more complicated assemblages, in which coherently scattering domains are mixtures within themselves, individually planned heating or swelling reactions may become necessary.

Typical natural examples are illustrated, for which apparently proper distinctions have been made for characterizing associations on mono- and mixed-clay mineral grains.

Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 2: Publication 327, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, October 15-17, 1953 , February 1953 , pp. 324 - 334
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 1953

Footnotes

Published with the permission of the Chief, Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana, Illinois.

References

Barshad, I. (1950) Effect of interlayer cations on expansion of mica type lattice: Amer. Min, v. 35, p. 225–238.Google Scholar
Bloch, J. M. (1950) Fixation of silver halides on montmorillonite: Trans. 4th Int. Cong. of Soil Sci., Amsterdam, v. 3, p. 32–34.Google Scholar
Bradley, W. F. (1950) Interstratified growths in clays and clay-like minerals: Trans. 4th Int. Cong. of Soil Sci, Amsterdam, v. 1, p. 101–105.Google Scholar
Brindley, G. W, and Ali, S. Z. (1950) Thermal transformations in magnesian chlorites: Acta Cryst, v. 3, p. 25–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G. W., and Youell, R. F. (1953) Ferrous chamosite and ferric chamosite: Min. Mag, v. 30, p. 57–70.Google Scholar
Cailliere, S, and Henin, S. (1949) Experimental formation of chlorites from mont- morillonites: Min. Mag, v. 28, p. 612–620.Google Scholar
Gruner, J. W. (1934) Vermiculite and hydrobiotite structures: Amer. Min, v. 19 p. 557–575.Google Scholar
Hendricks, S. B., and Jefferson, M. E. (1938) Vermiculite structure: Amer. Min, v. 23, p. 851–862.Google Scholar
Hendricks, S. B., and Teller, E. (1942) X-ray interference in partially ordered layer lattices: J. Chem. Phys, v. 10, p. 147–167.Google Scholar
McMurchy, R. C. (1934) Structure of chlorites: Zeit. f. Krist, v. 88, p. 420–432.Google Scholar
Pauling, L. (1930) Structure of clorites: Proe. Nat. Acad. Sci, v. 16, p. 578–582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, G. F. (1951) Vermiculites and some related mixed-layer minerals: In “X-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals”. Mineralogical Society of Great Britain Monograph, Chap. 7, p. 199–223.Google Scholar