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Alteration of Andesite in Wet, Unstable Soils of Oregon's Western Cascades

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

J. R. Glasmann
J. R. Glasmann*
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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Abstract

Alteration products of andesite cobbles from wet soils formed in volcanic colluvial material were studied using petrographic, electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, and thermal techniques. Augite phenocrysts altered by congruent dissolution leaving voids which were subsequently filled with smectite. Plagioclase also altered to produce micrometer-size spheroidal aggregates of smectite. Halloysite was not observed within the altered cobbles, although it was abundant in the soil matrix. The formation of smectite in the altered cobbles was probably favored by the restrictive drainage of the microenvironment in combination with wet soil conditions.

Резюме

Резюме

Исследовались изменения продуктов андезитовых булыжников из влажных почв, формированных в вулканическом коллювиальном материале путем петрографических, электронно-микроскопических, и термических техник, а также рентгеновской порошковой диффракции. Аугитовые фенокристы изменялись путем соответствующего растворения, оставляя пустые места, которые последовательно заполнялись смектитом. Плаглиоклаз также изменялся в сфероидальные аггре-гаты смектита микрометрического размера. Галлоизит не наблюдался в измененных булыжниках, хотя выступал в большом количестве в почве. Формированию смектита в измененных булыжниках, вероятно, благоприятствовал ограниченный дренаж микросреды в сопоставлении с влажными условиями почвы. [E.C.]

Resümee

Resümee

Die Umwandlung von Andesitgrobkies aus nassen Böden, gebildet in vulkanischem, zusammengeschwemmtem Material, wurde mittels petrographischer Methoden, Elektronenmikroskopie, Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie, und thermischen Methoden untersucht. Augiteinsprenglinge wandelten sich durch kongruente Auflösung um, wobei sie Hohlräume hintedießen, die im Anschluß daran mit Smektit gefüllt wurden. Plagioklas wurde ebenfalls umgewandelt, wobei sich millimetergroße kugelige Smektitaggregate bildeten. Halloysit wurde im umgewandelten Grobkies nicht gefunden, obwohl er in der Hauptmasse des Bodens reichlich vorhanden ist. Die Bildung von Smektit in dem umgewandelten Grobkies wurde wahrscheinlich durch eine allmähliche Auslaugung im kleinen Bereich zusammen mit den nassen Bodenverhältnissen gefördert. [U.W.]

Résumé

Résumé

On a étudié l'altération de produits de galets de sols mouillés formés dans du matériau voicanique colluvial par des techniques petrographiques, de microscope électronique, de diffraction poudrée aux rayons-X, et thermales. Des phénocrystes d'argile se sont altérés par dissolution congruente laissant des vides qui ont été subséquemment remplis par de la smectite. La plagioclase s'est aussi altérée pour produire des aggrégats de smectite spheroïdaux de taille d'un micro-mètre. L'halloysite n'a pas été observée à l'intérieur des galets altérés, quoiqu'elle était abondante dans la matrice du sol. La formation de smectite dans les galets altérés a probablement été favorisée par le drainage restrictif du micro-environement en combinaison avec des conditions de sol mouillé. [D.J.]

Keywords

AndesiteHalloysiteScanning electron microscopySmectiteSoilWeathering
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , August 1982 , pp. 253 - 263
Copyright
Copyright © 1982, The Clay Minerals Society

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Footnotes

1

Technical paper 6131, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Corvallis, Oregon.

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