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Origin of Cretaceous and Oligocene Kaolinites from the Iwaizumi Clay Deposit, Iwate, Northeastern Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

C. Mizota  and
F. J. Longstaffe
C. Mizota
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka 020, Japan
F. J. Longstaffe
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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Abstract

Hydrogen- (δD = −106 to −97‰) and oxygen-(δ18O = +14.0 to +16.6‰) isotope compositions of kaolinite from late Cretaceous and Oligocene deposits at Iwaizumi, northeastern Japan, indicate that these clays formed by weathering of volcanic parent rocks, rather than during hydrothermal (>100 °C) alteration. The Iwaizumi kaolinites also are depleted of D and 18O relative to kaolinite formed during modern, tropical weathering, suggesting that the kaolinite developed under cool or cool-temperate conditions. The oxygen-isotope compositions of the kaolinite increase slightly upward through the deposits, perhaps implying a modest increase in temperature from late Cretaceous to Oligocene time. The δD and δ18O results for kaolinite from the Oligocene deposits closely follow the kaolinite weathering line. However, a small but systematic deviation from this line for the Cretaceous kaolinites is most simply explained by post-formational, hydrogen-isotope exchange between these clays and downward percolating meteoric water.

Keywords

ClimateCretaceousHydrogen-isotopesIwateJapanKaoliniteOligoceneOxygen-isotopes
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 44 , Issue 3 , June 1996 , pp. 408 - 416
Copyright
Copyright © 1996, The Clay Minerals Society

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