Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T02:42:08.281Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Performance of Natural Zeolite and Sepiolite in the Removal of Free Cyanide and Copper-Complexed Cyanide ([Cu(CN)3]2−)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Esra Tarlan-Yel  and
Vildan Önen
Esra Tarlan-Yel*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Engineering, Selcuk University, 42075 Campus-Konya, Turkey
Vildan Önen
Affiliation:
Department of Mining Engineering, Selcuk University, 42075 Campus-Konya, Turkey
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: etarlan@selcuk.edu.tr
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The chemical and biological methods employed to date in the removal of free cyanide (CN−) and metal-cyanide complexes from aqueous fluids have proved expensive and problematic. A simpler and more economical approach was attempted in the present study using zeolite and sepiolite. The effectiveness of zeolite from Manisa-Gördes (Turkey) and of sepiolite Eskişehir-Sivrihisar (Turkey) at removing free and Cu-complexed cyanide, [Cu(CN)3]2− was investigated. For removal of CN−, the system performance was examined in terms of concentration, particle size, and retention time. Material with smaller particle sizes (<0.106 mm) performed better, particularly in the case of sepiolite. The maximum CN− removal capacities of zeolite and sepiolite were calculated as 571 and 695 meq/100 g for free CN adsorption, and 455 and 435 meq/100 g for Cu-complexed CN adsorption, respectively. The time to reach equilibrium was calculated as 1050 min. Acid activation, a simple cation adsorption removal method, did not improve the process, instead leading to reduced CN adsorption. Hydroxylated surfaces of metal oxides at the edges of zeolite develop charges and exchange with anions in water. Mg2+ ions located at the edges of the octahedral sheet can create complexes with CN− anions. Moreover, hydrogen bonding with anions (CN− in this case) and H+ of zeolitic water bonded to coordinated water molecules can also create complexes. These two complexes are considered to be effective mechanisms for sepiolite. The effects of both acid activation and CN adsorption were clearly observed in the Fourier-transform infrared spectra. Removal of CN was characterized by the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer coverage with chemical bonding to the surface, which deteriorated during acid activation. The study indicated that zeolite and sepiolite can be used efficiently and easily for removal of free and Cu-complexed CN.

Keywords

Acid ActivationCu-complexedCyanideFree CyanideRemovalSepioliteZeolite
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 58 , Issue 1 , February 2010 , pp. 110 - 119
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2010

References

APHA/AWWA/WPCF, 1998 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 20.Google Scholar
Baghel, A. Singh, B. Pandey, P. Dhaked, R.K. Gupta, A.K. Ganeshan, K. and Sekhar, K., 2006 Adsorptive removal of water poisons from contaminated water by adsorbents Journal of Hazardous Materials B137 396–400 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.070.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barakat, M.A., 2005 Adsorption behavior of copper and cyanide ions at TiO2-solution interface Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 291 345–352 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.047.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barrer, R.M. and Makki, M.B., 1964 Molecular sieve sorbents from clinoptilolite Canadian Jorunal of Chemistry 42 1481–1487 10.1139/v64-223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bose, P. Aparna Bose, M. and Kumar, S., 2002 Critical evaluation of treatment strategies involving adsorption and chelation for wastewater containing copper, zinc and cyanide Advances in Environmental Research 7 179–185 10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00125-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brigatti, M.F. Franchini, G. Frigieri, P. Gardinali, C. Medici, L. and Poppi, L., 1999 Treatment of industrial wastewater using zeolite and sepiolite, natural microporous materials The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 77 163–168 10.1002/cjce.5450770127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brigatti, M.F. Lugli, C. and Poppi, L., 2000 Kinetics of heavy metal removal and recovery in sepiolite Applied Clay Science 16 45–57 10.1016/S0169-1317(99)00046-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Çetişli, H. and Gedikbey, T., 1990 Dissolution kinetics of sepiolite from Eskişehir (Turkey) in hydrochloric acid and nitric acids Clay Minerals 25 207–215 10.1180/claymin.1990.025.2.06.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujiwara, N. Liu, Y.L. Nakamura, T. Maida, O. Tabakashi, M. and Kabayashi, H., 2004 Removal of copper and nickel contaminants from Si surface by use of cyanide solutions Applied Clay Science 235 372–375.Google Scholar
Hernandez, L.G. Rueda, L.I. Diaz, A.R. and Anton, C.C., 1986 Preparation of amorphous silica by acid dissolution of sepiolite: Kinetic and textural study Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 109 150–160 10.1016/0021-9797(86)90290-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kowalczyk, P. Sprynskyy, M. Terzyk, A.P. Lebedynets, M. Namie′snik, J. and Buszewski, B., 2006 Porous structure of natural and modified clinoptilolites Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 297 77–85 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.10.045.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monser, L. and Adhoum, N., 2002 Modified activated carbon for the removal of copper, zinc, chromium and cyanide from wastewater Separation and Purification Technology 26 137–146 10.1016/S1383-5866(01)00155-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ou, B. and Zaidi, A., 1995 Cyanide - dispelling the myths - natural degradation Mining Environmental Management June1995 5–7.Google Scholar
Özdemir, O. Çınar, M. Sabah, E. Arslan, F. and Çelik, M.S., 2007 Adsorption of anionic surfactants onto sepiolite Journal of Hazardous Materials 147 625–632 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.059.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, T.D., 1982 Unit Operations And Processes In Environmental Engineering .Google Scholar
Robbins, G. and Devuyst, E., 1995 Cyanide - dispelling the myths - Inco′s SO2/Air Process Mining Environmental Management June1995 8–9.Google Scholar
Rytwo, G. Nir, S. Margulies, L. Casal, B. Merino, J. Ruiz-Hitzky, E. and Serratosa, J.M., 1998 Adsorption of monovalent organic cations on sepiolite: experimental results and model calculations Clay and Clay Minerals 46 340–348 10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shariatmadari, H. Mermut, A.R. and Benke, M.B., 1999 Sorption of selected cationic and neutral organic molecules on palygorskite and sepiolite Clay and Clay Minerals 47 44–53 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sujana, M.G. Pradhan, H.K. and Anand, S., 2009 Studies on sorption of some geomaterials for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions Journal of Hazardous Materials 161 120–125 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.062.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tijburg, I.I.M. and Konuksever, A., 1998 Process for making aluminosilicate for record material Amersfoort, The Netherlands Assignee Akzo-PQ Silica VOF.Google Scholar
Van Olphen, H., 1959 Ion adsorption on clays: A review Clays and Clay Minerals 8 115 pp 10.1346/CCMN.1959.0080112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasylechko, V.O. Gryshchouk, G.V. Kuz′ma, Y.B. Zakordonskiy, V.P. Vasylechko, L.O. Lebedynets, L.O. and Kalytovs′ka, M.B., 2003 Adsorption of cadmium on acid-modified Transcarpathian clinoptilolite Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 60 183–196 10.1016/S1387-1811(03)00376-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterland, R.A., 1995 Cyanide - dispelling the myths - Homestake′s bio-treatment Mining Environmental Management June1995 12–13.Google Scholar
Yarar, B., 2001 Cyanides in the environment and their long-term fate Proceedings of 17thInternational Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey - IMCET2001 85–93.Google Scholar
Young, C.A. and Jordan, T.S., 1995 Cyanide remediation: Current and past technologies Proceedings of the 10thAnnual Conference on Hazardous Waste Research 104–129.Google Scholar