Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-rkxrd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-19T10:16:56.198Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characteristics of Clay Minerals in Gouges of the Dongrae Fault, Southeastern Korea, and Implications for Fault Activity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Chang Oh Choo  and
Tae Woo Chang
Chang Oh Choo
Affiliation:
Environmental Geology Division, Korea Institute of Geology, Mining and Materials, Taejon, 305-350, Korea
Tae Woo Chang
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, 702-701, Korea
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Dongrae fault within the Yangsan fault system is considered one of the major faults in the southeastern part of Korea, extending over 150 km. The results of K-Ar radiogenic dating of fault gouges collected from six localities show a relatively wide range in age from 57.5 million years ago (Ma) to 40.3 Ma. Fault gouges are composed of newly formed minerals, including smectite, illite, zeolite, kaolinite, K-rich feldspar, apatite, and pyrite. The occurrence of abundant smectite and illite-lMd with lesser quantities of zeolite suggests that the fault gouges experienced hydrothermal alteration at low temperatures. Smectite is probably unstable relative to other clay minerals, such as illite and zeolite. Considering that filiform mordenite is replacing the smectite, we suggest that mordenite formed by recrystallization involving a solid-state transformation. Under high fluid/rock ratios, smectite seems to have formed in the early stage of alteration. In contrast, zeolite minerals and authigenic K-rich feldspar progressively appeared with time as the fluid/rock ratio decreased with the changing chemistry of the hydrothermal fluids. The composition of clay minerals in the gouge materials probably was controlled by the chemistry and the amount of circulating fluids derived from adjacent granitic rocks.

Keywords

Dongrae FaultGougeIlliteK-Ar Radiogenic DatingSmectiteZeolite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 48 , Issue 2 , April 2000 , pp. 204 - 212
Copyright
Copyright © 2000, The Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baxter Grubb, S.M. Peacor, D.R. and Jiang, W.T., 1991 Transmission electron microscope observations of illite polytypism Clays and Clay Minerals 39 540–550 10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bish, D.L. Vaniman, D.T. Byers, F.M. and Broxton, D.E., 1982 Summary of the Mineralogy-Petrology of Tuffs from Yucca Mountain and the Secondary-Phase Thermal Stability in Tuffs .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caine, J.S. Evans, J.P. and Forster, C.B., 1996 Fault zone architecture and permeability structure Geology 24 1025–1028 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<1025:FZAAPS>2.3.CO;2.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C.J. and Chang, T.W., 1998 Movement history of the Yangsan Fault based on paleostress analysis Journal of Engineering Geology of Korea 8 35–50.Google Scholar
Chang, T.W. and Choo, C.O., 1998 Faulting processes and K-Ar ages of fault gouges in the Yangsan Fault Zone Journal of Earth Science of Korea 20 25–37.Google Scholar
Chester, F.M. and Logan, J.M., 1987 Composite planar fabric of gouge from the Punchbowl Fault, California Journal of Structural Geology 9 621–634 10.1016/0191-8141(87)90147-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chester, F.M. Evans, J.P. and Biegel, R.L., 1993 Internal structure and weakening mechanisms of the San Andreas Fault Journal of Geophysical Research 98 771–786 10.1029/92JB01866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, Y.C. and Chang, T.W., 1998 Analysis of paleostress of the Dongrae Fault The Economic and Environmental Geology of Korea, Annual Conference Abstract 109.Google Scholar
Choo, C.O., 1996 Mineralogy and genesis of Napseok (sericite, pyrophyllite, dickite) in the Kimhae area, Korea Seoul, Korea Seoul National University.Google Scholar
Clauer, N. and Chaudhuri, S., 1996 Inter-basinal comparison of the diagenetic evolution of illite/smectite minerals in buried shales on the basis of K-Ar systematics Clays and Clay Minerals 44 818–824 10.1346/CCMN.1996.0440613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clauer, N. Środoń, J. Francu, J. and Sucha, V., 1997 K-Ar dating of illite fundamental particles separated from illitesmectite Clay Minerals 32 181–196 10.1180/claymin.1997.032.2.02.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, D.B. Sheppard, R.A. Gude, A.J. 3rd, Sand, L.B. and Mumpton, F.A., 1978 Hydrothermal systhesis of clinoptilolite and comments on the assemblage phillipsite-mordenite Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Use Elmsford, New York Pergamon Press 337–343.Google Scholar
Inoue, A. Velde, B. Meunier, A. and Touchard, G., 1988 Mechanism of illite transformation during smectite-to-illite conversion in a hydrothermal system American Mineralogist 73 1325–1334.Google Scholar
Kerrisk, J.F., 1983 Reaction-Path Calculations of Groundwater Chemistry and Mineral Formation at Rainier Mesa, Nevada 10.2172/59163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, I.S. and Kim, J.Y., 1983 Electric resistivity survey in Eonyang Fault area, southeastern Korean peninsula Journal of Mining Geology of Korea 16 11–18.Google Scholar
Kim, O.J. and Lee, D.S., 1987 Tectonic evolution Geology of Korea Seoul Kyogak-Sa Publishing Company 253–263.Google Scholar
Kim, Y.H. and Lee, K., 1988 A geoelectric study on the structure of the Yangsan Fault in the south of Kyeongju Journal of Geological Society of Korea 24 47–61.Google Scholar
Kitsopoulos, K.P., 1997 The genesis of a mordenite deposit by hydrothermal alteration of pyroclastics on Polyegos Island, Greece Clays and Clay Minerals 45 632–648 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kralik, M. Klima, K. and Riedmilller, G., 1987 Dating fault gouges Nature 327 315–317 10.1038/327315a0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J.I. Kagami, H. and Nagao, K., 1995 Rb-Sr and K-Ar age determinations of the granitic rocks in the southern part of the Kyeongsang basin, Korea: Implication for cooling history and evolution of granitic magmatism during late Cretaceous Geochemistry Journal 29 363–376.Google Scholar
Lee, K. and Jin, Y.G., 1991 Segmentation of the Yangsan Fault System: Geophysical studies on major faults in the Kyeongsang basin Journal of Geological Society of Korea 27 434–449.Google Scholar
Lee, K. and Na, S.H., 1983 A study of microearthquake activity along the Yangsan Fault Journal of Geological Society of Korea 19 127–135.Google Scholar
Lee, K. Cheon, K. and Um, C.R., 1992 Geoeiectric surveys of the Dongrae Fault, the Eonyang Fault and the Ilkwang Fault: Geophysical studies on major faults in the Kyeongsang basin Journal of Geological Society of Korea 28 218–226.Google Scholar
Lee, Y.J., 1976 K-Ar ages of granitic rocks in Eonyang and northwestern Ulsan areas, Korea Journal of Mining Geology of Korea 9 127–134.Google Scholar
Lyons, J.B. and Snellenburg, J., 1971 Dating faults Geological Society of America Bulletin 82 1749–1752 10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[1749:DF]2.0.CO;2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Min, K.D. Kim, O.J. Yun, S. Lee, D.S. and Joo, S.H., 1982 An applicability of plate tectonics to the post-Late Cretaceous igneous activities and mineralization in the southern part of south Korea (I) Journal of Mining Geology of Korea 15 123–154.Google Scholar
Morrow, C.A. Shi, L.Q. and Byerlee, J.D., 1984 Permeability of fault gouge under confining pressure and shear stress Journal of Geophysical Research 89 3193–3200 10.1029/JB089iB05p03193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shibata, K. and Tagaki, H., 1988 Isotopic ages of rocks and intrafault materials along the Median Tectonic Line—An example in the Bungui-toge area, Nagano Prefecture Journal of Geological Society of Japan 94 35–50 10.5575/geosoc.94.35.Google Scholar
Shimazaki, H. and Lee, M.S., 1981 Reconnaissance on I- and S-type granitoids in southern Korea Journal of Geological Society of Korea 17 189–193.Google Scholar
Tagaki, H. and Kobayashi, K., 1996 Composite planar fabrics of fault gouges and mylonite-compositive petrofabrics Journal of Geological Society of Japan 102 170–179 10.5575/geosoc.102.170.Google Scholar
Tagaki, H. Shibata, K. Sugiyama, Y. Uchiumi, S. and Matsumoto, A., 1989 Isotopic ages of rocks along the Median Tectonic Line in the Kayumi area, Mie Prefecture Journal of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology 84 75–88 10.2465/ganko.84.75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanaka, H. Uehara, N. and Itaya, T., 1995 Timing of the cataclastic deformation along the Akahashi Tectonic Line, central Japan Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 120 150–158 10.1007/BF00287112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velde, B. and Renac, C., 1996 Smectite to illite conversion and K-Ar ages Clay Minerals 31 25–32 10.1180/claymin.1996.031.1.02.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yau, Y.C. Peacor, D.R. and Essene, E.J., 1987 Hydrothermal treatment of smectite, illite, and basalt to 460°C: Comparison of natural with hydrothermally formed clay minerals Clays and Clay Minerals 35 241–250 10.1346/CCMN.1987.0350401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar