Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-wpx69 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-17T14:15:30.122Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Clay-Mineral Transformations and Heavy-Metal Release in Paddy Soils Formed on Serpentinites in Eastern Taiwan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Zeng-Yei Hseu ,
Franz Zehetner ,
Franz Ottner  and
Yoshi Iizuka
Zeng-Yei Hseu*
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
Franz Zehetner
Affiliation:
Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
Franz Ottner
Affiliation:
Institute of Applied Geology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
Yoshi Iizuka
Affiliation:
Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: zyhseu@ntu.edu.tw
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Serpentinites, which contain high concentrations of Cr and Ni, weather easily into layer silicates and are therefore a possible source of metal contamination in soils. In the present study three soil profiles formed on serpentinites in a paddy field in eastern Taiwan were investigated to understand pedogenic clay-mineral transformations and to determine the relationship between the mineralogical characteristics and labile Cr and Ni in the soil. To this end, physicochemical analyses, micromorphology, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed. Serpentine and chlorite were the dominant minerals in the soil parent material, with smaller amounts of pyroxene, amphibole, and talc. Progressive weathering and the release of cations from the parent material resulted in the pedogenic formation of smectite, vermiculite, and interstratified chlorite-vermiculite, demonstrated by their presence in all Ap and AC horizons but their absence from the C horizons. Serpentine, pyroxene, amphibole, and talc are proposed to be transformed to low-charge smectite, while chlorite transformed to vermiculite through an interstratified chlorite-vermiculite phase. The surface soils were enriched in oxalate-extractable Fe relative to the subsoils, which was probably generated by the artificial flooding and draining of the paddy soils. The artificial flooding, which typically releases Fe, may also drive the observed partial hydroxyl interlayering of smectite and incomplete interlayer OH sheets of chlorite. Labile Cr and Ni (extracted with 0.1 N HCl) ranging from 4.7 to 26.8 mg kg−1 and from 56 to 365 mg kg−1, respectively, increased significantly toward the surface soil, consistent with weathering. The heavy metals released may pose a threat to the environment as well as to human health by entering the food chain.

Keywords

ChloriteHeavy MetalPaddy SoilSerpentineSmectiteVermiculite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 63 , Issue 2 , April 2015 , pp. 119 - 131
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexander, E.B., 2014 Arid to humid serpentine soils, mineralogy, and vegetation across the Klamath Mountains, USA Catena 116 114–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, E.B. Coleman, R.G. Keeler-Wolf, T. Harrison, S., Alexander, E.B. Coleman, R.G. Keeler-Wolf, T. and Harrison, S., 2007 Serpentine soil distributions and environmental influences Serpentine Geoecology of Western North America New York Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, D.E. Amacher, M.C., Page, A.L. Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R., 1982 Nickel, copper, zinc, and cadmium Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties 2nd edition Madison, Wisconsin, USA Agronomy Society of America and Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Bangira, C. Deng, Y. Loeppert, R.H. Hallmark, C.T. and Stucki, J.W., 2011 Soil mineral composition in constrasting climatic regions of the Great dyke, Zimbabwe Soil Science Society of America Journal 75 2367–2378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becquer, T. Quantin, C. and Boudot, J.B., 2010 Toxic levels of metals in Ferralsols under natural vegetation and crops in New Caledonia European Journal of Soil Science 61 994–1004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berner, R.A. and Schott, J., 1982 Mechanism of pyroxene and amphibole weathering: II. Observations of soil grains American Journal of Science 282 1214–1231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonifacio, E. and Barberis, E., 1999 Phosphorus dynamics during pedogenesis on serpentinite Soil Science 164 960–968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonifacio, E. Zanini, E. Boero, V. and Franchini-Angela, M., 1997 Pedogenesis in a soil catena on serpentinite in northwestern Italy Geoderma 75 33–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, R.R., 1987 Serpentine and its Vegetation: a Multidisciplinary Approach London Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Caillaud, J. Proust, D. and Righi, D., 2006 Weathering sequences of rock-forming minerals in a serpentinite: influence of microsystems on clay mineralogy Clays and Clay Minerals 54 87–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Camargo, M. Stayner, L. Straif, K. Reina, M. Al-Alem, U. Demers, P. and Landrigan, P., 2011 Occupational exposure to asbestos and ovarian cancer Environmental Health Perspectives 119 1211–1217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, Y.C. (2014) The investigation of extractable Cr and Ni concentrations and soil properties for serpentinitic soils. Master Thesis, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, 62 pp. (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Chen, Y. (2013) Heavy metals uptake of paddy rice on serpentine soils with different fertilizer treatments. Master Thesis, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, 70 pp. (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Cheng, C.H. Jien, S.H. Tsai, H. Chang, Y.H. Chen, Y.C. and Hseu, Z.Y., 2009 Geochemical element differentiation in serpentine soils from the ophiolite complexes, eastern Taiwan Soil Science 174 283–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, C.H. Jien, S.H. Iizuka, Y. Tsai, H. Chang, Y.H. and Hseu, Z.Y., 2011 Pedogenic chromium and nickel partitioning in serpentine soils along a toposequence Soil Science Society of America Journal 75 659–668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, J.B., Dixon, J.B. and Weed, S.B., 1989 Kaolin and serpentine group minerals Minerals in Soil Environments 2nd edition Madison, Wisconsin, USA Soil Science Society of America.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dousova, B. Fuitova, L. Kolousek, D. Lhotka, M. Grygar, T.M. and Spurna, P., 2014 Stability of iron in clays under different leaching conditions Clays and Clay Minerals 62 145–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Economou-Eliopoulos, M. Megremi, I. and Vasilatos, C., 2011 Factors controlling the heterogeneous distribution of Cr(VI) in soil, plants and groundwater: Evidence from the Assopos basin, Greece Chemie der Erde 71 39–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fantoni, D. Brozzo, G. Canepa, M. Cipolli, F. Marini, L. Ottonello, G. and Zuccolini, M.V., 2002 Natural hexavalent chromium in groundwaters interacting with ophiolitic rocks Environmental Geology 42 871–882.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farmer, V.C., Famer, V.C., 1974 The layer silicates The Infrared Spectra of Minerals London Mineralogical Society.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Favre, F. Tessier, D. Abdelmoula, M. Génin, J.M. Gates, W.P. and Boivin, P., 2002 Iron reduction and changes in cation exchange capacity in intermittently waterlogged soil European Journal of Soil Science 53 175–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garnier, J. Quantin, C. Guimarães, E. Garg, V.K. Martins, E.S. and Becquer, T., 2009 Understanding the genesis of ultramafic soils and catena dynamics Geoderma 151 204–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaudin, A. Decarreau, A. Noack, Y. and Graby, O., 2005 Clay mineralogy of the nickel laterite ore developed from serpentinised peridotites at Murrin Murrin, Western Australia Australian Journal of Earth Science 52 231–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gee, G.W. Bauder, J.W., Klute, A., 1986 Particle-size analysis Methods of Soil Analysis 2nd edition Madison, Wisconsin, USA American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Graham, R.C. Diallo, M.M. and Lund, L.J., 1990 Soils and mineral weathering on phyllite colluvium and serpentinite in northwestern California Soil Science Society of America Journal 54 1682–1690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hseu, Z.Y., 2006 Concentration and distribution of chromium and nickel fractions along a serpentinitic toposequence Soil Science 171 341–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hseu, Z.Y. and Chen, Z.S., 1996 Saturation, reduction, and redox morphology of seasonally flooded Alfisols in Taiwan Soil Science Society of America Journal 60 941–949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hseu, Z.Y. and Chen, Z.S., 2001 Quantifying soil hydromorphology of a rice-growing Ultisol toposequence in Taiwan Soil Science Society of America Journal 65 270–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hseu, Z.Y. and Iizuka, Y., 2013 Pedogeochemical characteristics of chromite in a paddy soil derived from serpentinites Geoderma 202–203 126–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hseu, Z.Y. Tsai, H. Hsi, H.C. and Chen, Y.C., 2007 Weathering sequences of clay minerals in soils along a serpentinitic toposequence Clays and Clay Minerals 55 389–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2012 Asbestos A Review of Human Carcinogens Lyon, France WHO Press.Google Scholar
Istok, J.D. and Harward, M.E., 1982 Influence of soil moisture on smectite formation in soils derived from serpentinite Soil Science Society of America Journal 46 1106–1108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jien, S.H. Tsai, C.C. Hseu, Z.Y. and Chen, Z.S., 2011 Baseline concentrations of toxic elements in metropolitan park soils of Taiwan Terrestrial and Aquatic Environmental Toxicology 5 1–7.Google Scholar
Johns, W.D. Grim, R.E. and Bradley, W.F., 1954 Quantitative estimations of clay minerals by diffraction methods Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 24 242–251.Google Scholar
Kahle, M. Kleber, M. and Jahn, R., 2002 Review of XRD-based quantitative analyses of clay minerals in soils: the suitability of mineral intensity factors Geoderma 109 191–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kögel-Knabner, I. Amelung, W. Cao, Z. Fiedler, S. Frenzel, P. Jahn, R. Kalbitz, K. Kölbl, A. and Schloter, M., 2010 Biogeochemistry of paddy soils Geoderma 157 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kyuma, K., 2004 Paddy Soil Science Kyoto, Japan Kyoto University Press.Google Scholar
Lee, B.D. Sears, S.K. Graham, R.C. Amrhein, C. and Vali, H., 2003 Secondary mineral genesis from chlorite and serpentine in an ultramafic soil toposequence Soil Science Society of America Journal 67 1309–1317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lessovaia, S.N. and Polekhovsky, Y.S., 2009 Mineralogical composition of shallow soils on basic and ultrabasic rocks of eastern Fennoscandia and of the Ural Mountains, Russia Clays and Clay Minerals 57 476–485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lessovaia, S. Dultz, S. Polekhovsky, Y. Krupskaya, V. Vigasina, M. and Melchakova, L., 2012 Rock control of pedogenic clay mineral formation in a shallow soil from serpentinous dunite in the Polar Urals, Russia Applied Clay Science 64 4–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGahan, D.G. Southard, R.J. and Claassen, V.P., 2008 Tectonic inclusions in serpentinite landscapes contribute plant nutrient calcium Soil Science Society of America Journal 72 838–847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGahan, D.G. Southard, R.J. and Claassen, V.P., 2009 Plant-available calcium varies widely in soils on serpentinite landscapes Soil Science Society of America Journal 73 2087–2095.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKeague, J.A. and Day, J.H., 1966 Dithionite and oxalate extractable Fe and Al as aids in differentiating various classes of soils Canadian Journal of Soil Science 46 13–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLean, E.O., Page, A.L. Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R., 1982 Soil pH and lime requirement Methods of Soil analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties 2nd edition Madison, Wisconsin, USA American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Mehra, O.P. and Jackson, M.J., 1960 Iron oxides removed from soils and clays by a dithionite—citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate Clays and Clay Minerals 7 317–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, J.M. Goldhaber, M.B. Lee, L. Holloway, J.M. Wanty, R.B. Wolf, R.E. and Ranville, J.F., 2009 A regional-scale study of chromium and nickel in soils of northern California, USA Applied Geochemistry 24 1500–1511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, D.W. Sommers, L.E., Page, A.L. Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R., 1982 Total carbon, OC, and organic matter Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties 2nd edition Madison, Wisconsin, USA American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Nkoumbou, C. Villieras, F. Barres, O. Bihannic, I. Pelletier, M. Razafitianamaharavo, A. Metang, V. Yonta Ngoune, C. Njopwouo, D. and Yvon, J., 2008 Physicochemical properties of talc ore from Pout-Kelle and Memel deposits (central Cameroon) Clay Minerals 43 317–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norrish, K. and Hutton, J.T., 1969 An accurate X-ray spectrographic method for the analysis of a wide range of geological samples Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 33 431–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Hanley, D.S., 1996 Serpentinites: Records of Tectonic and Petrological History New York Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Oze, C. Bird, D.K. and Fendorf, S., 2007 Genesis of hexavalent chromium from natural sources in soil and groundwater Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 17 6544–6549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oze, C. Skinner, C. Schroth, A. and Coleman, R.G., 2008 Growing up green on serpentine soils: Biogeochemistry of serpentine vegetation in the Central Coast Range of California Applied Geochemistry 23 3391–3403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabenhorst, M.C. Foss, J.E. and Fanning, D.S., 1982 Genesis of Maryland soils formed from serpentinite Soil Science Society of America Journal 46 607–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhoades, J.D., Page, A.L. Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R., 1982 Cation exchangeable capacity Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties 2nd edition Madison, Wisconsin, USA American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Soil Survey Staff, 1993 Examination and description of soils in the field Soil Survey Manual Washington, D.C. USDA-Soil Conservation Service.Google Scholar
Soil Survey Staff, 2010 Keys to Soil Taxonomy 12th edition Washington, D.C. USDA, Natural Resources Conversation Services 332.Google Scholar
Suquet, H., 1989 Effects of dry grinding and leaching on the crystal structure of chrysotile Clays and Clay Minerals 37 439–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wanze, M. Jagupilla, S.C. Moon, D.H. Christodoulatos, C. and Koutsospyros, A., 2008 Leaching mechanisms of Cr(VI) from chromite ore processing residue Journal of Environmental Quality 37 2125–2134.Google Scholar
Whittaker, R.H., 1954 The ecology of serpentine soils. IV. The vegetation response to serpentine soils Ecology 35 275–288.Google Scholar
Wicks, F.J. O’Hanley, D.S., Bailey, S.W., 1988 Serpentine minerals: structures and petrology Hydrous Phyllosilicates (Exclusive of Micas) Washington, D.C. Mineralogical Society of America.Google Scholar
Yongue-Fouateu, R. Yemefack, M. Wouatong, A.S.L. Ndjigui, P.D. and Bilong, P., 2009 Contrasted mineralogical composition of the laterite cover on serpentinites of Nkamouna-Kongo, southeast Cameroon Clay Minerals 44 221–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar