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Surface Conductance and Electrokinetic Properties of Kaolinite Beds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Philip B. Lorenz
Philip B. Lorenz*
Affiliation:
Bartlesville Petroleum Research Center, Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bartlesville, Oklahoma
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Abstract

A technique was developed for forming clay beds of uniform porosity between 48 and 62 per cent. The surface conductance and streaming potential of sodium kaolinite were determined over a range of values. Zeta potential as calculated from the classical formula was about - 30 mV at neutral pH and changed sign at pH 4. The surface conductivity of the sodium clay at various pH values was directly proportional to the zeta potential and from 12 to more than 30 times as large as the calculated electrokinetic surface conductivity. Similar measurements were made on kaolinite in the acid (hydrogen-aluminum) and calcium forms. The acid clay fitted the experimental correlation found for the sodium series, but the calcium clay, with less than one-tenth of the zeta potential of the sodium clay at neutral pH, had half its surface conductance. The results are interpreted as showing that exchangeable ions on kaolinite are mostly in a condensed layer on the surface where the mobility determines surface conductance. The surface mobilities for Na, Ca and H-Al are 20, 8 and 0 per cent of normal, respectively. Apparently hydrogen ion from the solution is very effective in replacing sodium, which exhibits its electrokinetic and conductive properties in proportion to its concentration on the surface.

Резюме

Резюме

;Разработана методика получения глинистых препаратов в виде слоев с однородной пористостью от 48 до 62%. Поверхностная проводимость и потенциал течения натриевого каолинита определялись в широких пределах их значений. Дзета-потенциал, вычисленный по классической формуле, составлял около- 30 mv при нейтральном значении рН и менял знак при рН 4. Поверхностная электропроводность натриевой глины при разных значениях рН была прямо пропорциональна дзета-потенциалу и превышала в 12–30 раз и более вы-численную электрокинетическую поверхностную электропроводность.

Аналогичные измерения были сделаны для кислой (водородно-алюминиевой) и кальциевой форм каолинита. Данные для кислой глины согласуются с экспериментальным соотношением, установленным для натриевых форм, но кальциевый каолинит, дзета-потенциал которого составлял менее чем 0,1 величины дзета-потенциала натриевой глины при нейтральном значении рН, обладает только половиной его поверхностной проводимости. По результатам экспериментов сделан вывод, что обменные ионы в каолините в основном находятся в кон-денсированном слое на поверхности, где их подвижность определяет поверхностную проводимость. Подвижности Na, Са и Н-Al поверхностного слоя соответственно составляют 20%, 8% и 0% от нормальной. Очевидно, ион водорода раствора очень эффективно замещает натрий, который обнаруживает электрокинетические свойства и свойство проводимости пропорционально его концентрации на поверхности.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , August 1969 , pp. 223 - 231
Copyright
Copyright © 1969, The Clay Minerals Society

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