Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-sh8wx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-22T17:29:58.977Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Personality Disorders: Myths and Neuroscience

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2014

Stefano Pallanti
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In the field of personality, the application of neuroscientific techniques is faced with a clinical category that is still unsatisfactory. The adoption of a coevolutionist, perspective-associated, multidimensional construct is a suggested way to improve clinical models to match the sophisticated techniques of neuroscience.

Type
Feature Article
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 2 , Issue 9: Reflections on the Future of Neuroscience , October 1997 , pp. 53 - 54,56-63
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Black, M. Metaphor and Thought. Ortony, A, ed. New York, NY; 1979:19–43.Google Scholar
2.Venant, JP. L'individue, la mort, l'amour. Soi-même et autre eu Gréce ancienne. Paris, France: Larrousse; 1989.Google Scholar
3.Morel, B. Traité des Maladies Mentales. Paris: Bailerres; 1989.Google Scholar
4.Koch, R. Gesammelte Werke von Robert Koch. Liepzig, Thieme; 1912.Google Scholar
5.Schneider, K. Clinical Psychopathology. Città Nuova. Rome, Italy: Città Nuova; 1950.Google Scholar
6.Freud, S. Project for a Scientific Psychology. Turino, Italy: It. Boringhieri; 1895.Google Scholar
7.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 1st ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1952.Google Scholar
8.Meyer, A. Presidential address: twenty-five years of psychiatry in the United States and our present outlook. Am J Psychiatry. 1928:85:1–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1979.Google Scholar
10.Millon, T. Disorders of Personality: DSM-III, Axis II. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons; 1981.Google Scholar
11.Kretschmer, E. Manuale Teorico-pratico di Psicologia Medica. Firenze, Italty: Sanson; 1955.Google Scholar
12.Tellenbach, H. Melancholie. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 1960.Google Scholar
13.Biswanger, L. Being In the World. Needelman, J, ed. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1963.Google Scholar
14.Minkowsky, E, Gebsattel, VE, Straus, EW. Antropologia e Psicopatologia. Milano, Italy: Valentino Bompiani; 1967.Google Scholar
15.Pallanti, S, Pazzagli, A. Il problema dei disturbi di personalità. In: Cassano, GB, D'Errico, A, Pancheri, P, eds. Trattato Italiano di Psichiatria. Milan, Italy: 1993:1967–1980.Google Scholar
16.Eysenck, HJ. (1967): The Biological Basis of Personality. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1967.Google Scholar
17.Gray, JA. The Neuropsychology of Anxiety. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 1982.Google Scholar
18.Cloninger, CR. Temperament and personality. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1994;4:266–273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Cloninger, CR, Surakic, DM, Przybeck, TR. (1993): A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch. Gen Psychiatry. 1993:50:975–990.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Zuckermann, M. Dimensions of sensation seeking. J. Consult Clin. Psychol. 1971;36:45–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Zuckermann, M, Eysenck, S, Eysenck, HJ. Sensation seeking in England and America: cross-cultural, age and sex comparisons. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1978;46:139–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Zuckerman, M. Sensation seeking, mania and monoamines. Neuropsychobiology. 1985;13:121–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Zuckerman, M. Psychobiology of Personality. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 1991.Google Scholar
24.Ballenger, JC, Post, RM, Jemerson, D, et al. Biochemical correlates of personality traits in normals: an exploratory study. Personality and Individual Differences. 1983;4:615–625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Zuckermann, M, Ballenger, JC, Jimerson, DC, Murphy, DL, Post, RM. A correlation in humans of the biological models of sensation seeking, impulsivity and anxiety. In: Zuckermann, M, Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum, L, eds. Biological Bases of Sensation Seeking, Impulsivity and Anxiety, eds. Hillsdale, NJ: 1983.Google Scholar
26.Cloninger, CR. A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. Arch Gen Psychitry. 1987;44:573–588.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Stein, L, Belluzzi, JD. Second messenger, natural rewards and drug abuse. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1986;9(suppl 4):205–209.Google Scholar
28.Blum, K, Sheridan, PJ, Wood, RGet al. The D2 dopamine receptor gene as a predictor of reward deficiency syndrome: bayes theorem. J R Soc Med. (in press)Google Scholar
29.Russel, VA, Lanin, MCL, and Taljaard, JF. Effect of ethanol on 3H-dopamine release in rat nucleus accumbens and striatal slices. Neurochem Res. 1988;13:478–492.Google Scholar
30.McBride, WJ, Guan, XM, Chernet, E, Lumeng, L, Li, TK. Regional differences in the densities of serotonin 1 A receptors between P and NP rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1990;14:316. Abstract.Google Scholar
31.Zhou, FC, Bledsoe, F, Lumeng, L, Li, TK. Serotoninergic immuno-stained terminal fibers are decreased in selected brain areas of alcohol-preferring P rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1990;14:355. Abstract.Google Scholar
32.McBride, WJ, Chernet, E, Dyr, W, Lumeng, L, Li, TK. Densities of dopamine D2 receptors are reduced in CNS regions of alcohol-preferring P rats. Alcohol. 1993;10:387–390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Ortiz, J, Fitzgerald, LW, Charlton, M, et al. Biochemical actions of chronic ethanol exposure in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Synapse. 1995;21:289–298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34.Fitzgerald, LW, Ortiz, J, Hamedani, AG, Nestler, EJ. Drugs of abuse and stress increase the expression of GluR1 and NMDAR1 glutamate receptor subunits in the rate ventral tegmental area: common adaptations among cross-sensitizing agents. J Neurosci. 1996;16:274–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Asberg, M, Traskmann, L, Thorèn, P. 5-HIAA in the cerebrospinal fluid: a biochemical suicide predictor. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1976;33:1193–1197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Brown, G, Goodwin, F, Ballenger, J, et al. Aggression in humans correlates with cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites. Psychiatry Res. 1979;1:131–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Brown, G, Ebert, M, Grayer, P, et al. Aggression, suicide and serotonin. Am J Psychiatry. 1982;139:741–746.Google ScholarPubMed
38.Depue, RA, Spoont, MR. Conceptualizing a serotonin trait: a behavioral dimension of constraint. In: Mann, JJ, Stanley, M, eds. Psychobiology ot Suicidal Behavior. New York, NY: Accademy of Sciences; 1987:71–73.Google Scholar
39.Lidberg, L, Asberg, M, Sundqvist-Stensman UB. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in attempted suicides who have killed their children. Lancet. 1984;2:928. Letter.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Linnoila, M, Virkkunen, M, Scheinin, M, Nuutila, A, Rimon, R, Goodwin, FK. Low cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid concentration differentiates impulsive from nonimpulsive violent behavior. Life Sci. 1983;33:2609–2614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Blanco, C, Orensanz-Munoz, L, Blanco-Jerez, C, Saiz-Ruiz, J. Pathological gambling and platelet MAO activity: a psychobiological study. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153:119–121.Google ScholarPubMed
42.Coccaro, EF, Siever, L, Klar, HM, et al. Serotoninergic studies in patients with affective and personality disorders. Correlates with sucidial and impulsive aggressive behavior. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46:587–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Stein, DJ (1996): Cognitive science. Models of compusivity and impulsivity. In: Oldham, JM, Hollander, E, Skodol, AE, eds. Impulsivity and Compulsivity. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1996:97–118.Google Scholar
44.Ricciardi, JN, Bear, L, Jenike, MA, et al. Changes in DSM-III-R axis II diagnoses following treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1992;149:829–831.Google ScholarPubMed
45.DeLong, GR. Lithium carbonate treatment of select behavior disorders in children suggesting manic-depressive illness. J Pediatr. 1978;93:689–694.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46.Jaspers, K. Allgemeine Psychopathologie. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer; 1913.Google Scholar
47.Rutter, M. Temperament, personality and personality disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:443–458.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48.Akiskal, HS, Mallya, G. Criteria for “soft” bipolar spectrum: treatment implications. Psychopharm Bull. 1987;23(1):68–73.Google ScholarPubMed
49.Cassano, GB, Toni, C, Akiskal, Het al. The panic-agoraphobic spectrum: a descriptive approach to the assessment a treatment of subtle symptoms. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154:27–38.Google Scholar
50.Kendler, KS, Neale, MC, Walsh, D. Evaluating the spectrum concept of schizophrenia in the Roscommon Family Study. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:749–754.Google ScholarPubMed
51.Hollander, E, Wong, CM. Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995;56(suppl):3–6.Google ScholarPubMed
52.Yaryura Tobias, JA, Neziroglu, FA. Obessive-Compulsive Disorder Spectrum. Washington, DC: APA Press; 1997.Google Scholar
53.Siever, LJ and Davis, KL. A psychobiological perspective on the personality disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 1991;148:1647–1658.Google ScholarPubMed
54.McGuffin, P, Thapar, A. The genetics of personality disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1992;160:12–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
55.Livesley, WJ, Jang, KL, Jackson, DN, Vernon, PA. Genetic and environmental contribution to dimensions of Personality Disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1993;150:1826–1831.Google ScholarPubMed
56.Ebstein, RP, Segman, R, Benjamin, J, Osher, Y, Nemanov, L, Belmaker, RH. 5-HT2C serotonin receptor gene polymorphism associated with the human personality trait of reward dependence: interaction with dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) and dopamine D3 receptor (D3DR) polymorphisms. Am J Med Genet. 1997;74:65–72.3.0.CO;2-P>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
57.Jönsson, EG, Nörthen, MM, Gustavsson, JP. (1997): Lack of evidence for allelic association between personality traits and the dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphism. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154:697–699.Google Scholar
58.Plomin, R, Lchtenstein, P, Pedersen, N, McClearn, GE, Nesselroade, JR. Genetic influence on life events during the last half of the life span. Psychology and Aging. 1990;5:25–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
59.Magnus, K, Diener, E, Fujit, F, Pavot, W. Extraversion and neuroticism as predictors of objective life events: a longitudinal analysis. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993;65:1046–1053.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
60.Diener, E, Larsen, RJ, Emmons, RA. (1984): Person x situation interactions: choice of situations and congruence response modes. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1984;47:580–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61.Snyder, M. On the influence on situations. In: Cantor, N, Kihlstrom, J, eds. Personality, Cognition, and Social Interatction. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1981:309–329.Google Scholar
62.Poulton, RG, Andrews, G. Personality as a cause of adverse life events. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993;85:35–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
63.Kendler, KS, Gardner, CO, Prescott, CA. Religion, psychopathology and substance use and abuse: a multimeasure, genetic-epidemiologic study. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154:322–329.Google ScholarPubMed
64.Dekaris, D, Sabioncello, A, Mazuran, R. Multiple changes of immunologic parameters in prisioners of war-assessments after release from a camp in Manjaca, Bosnia. JAMA. 1993;270(5):595–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
65.Insel, TR, Winslow, JT. Oxytocin and social attachment. A review. Psicopat. (Giorn, Italy) 1997;1:11–17.Google Scholar
66.Edelman, GM. Topobiology and introduction to molecular embriology. Trad. it Bollati Boringhieri. Torino, Italy; 1993 (Italian translation).Google Scholar
67.Kendler, KS. Parenting: a genetic-epidemiologic perspective. Am J Psych. 1996;143:11–20.Google Scholar
68.Andreasen, NC. Linking mind and brain in the study of mental illnesses: a project for a scientific psychopathology. Science. 1997;275:1586–1593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69.Eisenberg, L. The social construction of the human brain. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:1563–1575.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
70.Mandell, AJ, Selz, KA. Nonlineal dynamical patterns as personality theory for neurobiology and psychiatry. Psychiatry. 1995;58:371–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar