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The Return to Diversity in Eastern Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 September 2008

Extract

The events of 1989, the annus mirabilis, have led to a great demand for new research and a re-thinking of the history of Eastern Europe. Those sources which were kept from us for years are now available, at least in part. As part of this process political scientists and historians of Eastern Europe are now concerned to fill in the gaps in our knowledge and provide the answers to urgent questions. A consequence of this situation has been a veritable flood of publications, of which eight have been chosen for review here. With two exceptions these studies have deepened our understanding of the issues involved. There are clear differences between the historians on the one hand and the political scientists on the other in terms of their starting-point and the questions they ask. Whereas the historians deal descriptively with the origins, trends and structures of the last centuries and place the revolutions of 1989/90 in their historical context, the political scientists proceed analytically and place greater emphasis on social, ethnic and economic factors. This dichotomy is demonstrated in the different problematics of the books under review.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

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References

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2 Schlögel, Karl, Die Mitte liegt ostwärts. Die Deutschen, der verlorene Osten und Mitteleuropa (Berlin, 1986).Google Scholar Probably the best-known exponents and advocates of a Central European Renaissance are Vaclav Havel and György Konrad. From the mass of literature I recommend the following: Busek, E. and Wilfinger, G. eds, Aufbruch nach Mitteleuropa (Vienna, 1986);Google ScholarKonrad, György, Antipolitik. Mitteleuropäische Meditationen (Frankfurt a/M, 1985).Google Scholar A good survey of this topic can be found in Jaworski, Rudolf, ‘Die aktuelle Mitteleuropadiskussion in historischer Perspektive’, Historische Zeitschrift, Vol. 247 (1988), 529–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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18 Skilling H. Gordon ‘Lions or Foxes: Heroes or Lackeys?’, in ibid., 3–22. Although Skilling does not mention Jakob Burckhardt's Weltgeschichtliche Betrachtungen, his dichotomy is very reminiscent of the distinction between historical greatness (‘that which we are not’) and the great ‘ruiners’; with the difference, however, that all the persons in question who do not get the accolade ‘lion’ were not ‘ruiners’ but intriguing, devoted lackeys, who were not in a position to push through the reforms they themselves thought necessary against the Soviet rulers (see p. 20).

19 Ibid., 15.

21 Rothschild, Return, 10ff.; Jaworwski does not share this view, see note 2.

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35 An incidental remark: the conference from which this volume came luckily fell on precisely those days, namely 28 and 30 October, when the new Czech Republic came into existence.

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47 Hill, Ronald J., ‘The Institutionalization of Reform’, in Hill, and Zielonka, , Restructuring, 21.Google Scholar

48 Ibid., 26–9.

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58 Zielonka sees this as the greatest challenge for the democrats in 1890s. See ‘Assertion’, 53.

59 An exemplary study of this problem is Jozef Skala and Christoph Kunkel, ‘Auf dem Weg zu einem konsolidierten Parteiensystem? Die Parteienentwicklung in der Tsechoslovakie nach der Revolution von 1989’, in Beyme, Klaus von, ed., Demokratisierung und Parteiensysteme in Osteuropa. Geschichte und Gesellschaft, Vol. 18 (1992), 292310.Google Scholar

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70 Ibid., 216.

71 Godfried, van Benthem van den Bergh, ‘The Changing Meaning of Security in Europe’, in Hill, and Zielonka, , Restructuring, 147.Google Scholar

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73 Ibid., 166.

74 Rupnik, Jacques, ‘Central Europe or Mitteleuropa?’, in Graubard, Europe, 233–65.Google Scholar

75 Ibid., 244. See also Ernest Gellner, ‘Ethnicity and Faith in Eastern Europe’, in ibid., 267–82.

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77 Ibid., 265.