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Seeking contexts that promote neurodiverse social success: Patterns of behavior during minimally-structured interaction settings in autistic and non-autistic youth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2023

Morgan L. McNair Open the ORCID record for Morgan L. McNair [Opens in a new window] ,
Elliot Gavin Keenan ,
Abigail P. Houck Open the ORCID record for Abigail P. Houck [Opens in a new window]  and
Matthew D. Lerner Open the ORCID record for Matthew D. Lerner [Opens in a new window]
Morgan L. McNair
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
Elliot Gavin Keenan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Department of Human Development & Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Abigail P. Houck
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
Matthew D. Lerner*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
*
Corresponding author: M. D. Lerner; Email: matthew.lerner@stonybrook.edu
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Abstract

While peer interaction differences are considered a central feature of autism, little is known regarding the nature of these interactions via directly-observed measurement of naturalistic (i.e., minimally-structured) groups of autistic and non-autistic adolescent peers. 148 autistic and non-autistic adolescents (111 male, Mage = 14.22, SDage = 1.90; MIQ = 103.22, SDIQ = 15.80) participated in a 50-minute, minimally-structured, naturalistic peer interaction paradigm with activities of varying social demands: an incidental social demand (eating in a room with peers), a physical social demand (playing a physically-interactive game), and a verbal social demand (playing a verbal game). While autistic youth exhibited fewer overall interaction behaviors than non-autistic youth, the two groups did not differ in amount of positive, negative, and low-level interaction behaviors. Within activities, autistic and non-autistic youth only differed in positive interaction behaviors during the context of a verbal social demand. Youth who displayed more positive interaction behaviors during this same activity had less autism spectrum disorder symptomatology, controlling for nested group effects and relevant covariates. These results point toward subtle differences in social demands across naturalistic settings that can either support or impede prosocial interaction for autistic youth, providing a guidepost for identifying settings that best promote social success for neurodiverse populations.

Keywords

autismsocial behaviornaturalistic interactionsocial demands
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , First View , pp. 1 - 16
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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