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Cybernetics and Language

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Sebastian Konstantinovič Šaumjan
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Extract

The well-known German mathematician D. Hilbert wrote : “A nation in isolation cannot progress unless neighboring nations are also progressing, the interests of the different states require not only that order should reign within each of them but also that the relationship between these states should be correctly maintained; the same is true in the case of the different sciences.”

These words of D. Hilbert, written many years ago and in which he stresses the prime importance of the interdependence of the sciences, take on a special significance at the present time when cybernetics, which is developing at an increasingly fast rate, makes it possible to discover profound analogies with far-reaching implications, between spheres of knowledge which a priori are unrelated.

Type
Research Article
Information
Diogenes , Volume 13 , Issue 51 , September 1965 , pp. 129 - 146
Copyright
Copyright © 1965 Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie / International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP)

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References

1 D. Hilbert, "Axiomatisches Denken," Gesammelte Abhandlungen, III, Berlin, 1935, p. 146.

2 A. N. Kolmogoroff, Preface to the Russian translation W. Ross Ashby's An Introduction to Cybernetics, 1959, p. 8.

3 A. A. Feldbaum, "The Process of Teaching for Men and Robots," in Cybernétique—Mentalité—Vie, 1964, p. 421.

4 W. Ross Ashby, An Introduction to Cybernetics, London, 1964, pp. 1-2.

5 A special chapter is devoted to the idea of the "black box" in W. Ross Ashby, op. cit., pp. 86-117.

6 W. Ross Ashby, op. cit., p. 2.

7 N. Chomsky, "Three Models for the Description of Language," I.R.E. Trans actions on Information Theory, 1956, Vol. 1, T-2, n. 3.

8 A detailed description of transformation grammar can be found in the article by N. Chomsky already quoted and in a book by the same author, Syntactic Structures, The Hague, 1957.

9 The term "concatenation" means the operation of linking together symbols in a particular linear sequence.

10 S. K. Šaumjan, "Transformation of Information in the Learning Process and the Double Degree Theory of Structural Linguistics," Report of the Proceed ings of the Conference on the Treatment of Information, Mechanical Translation and Automatic Reading of Texts, Moscow, 1961.

11 S. K. Šaumjan, "Transformation Grammar and Theory of the Classes of Words," Report of the Proceedings of the Conference on the Treatment of Infor mation, Mechanical Translation and Automatic Reading of Texts, Moscow, 1961. The later stages in the development of applied generation models are illustrated in the following works: 1) S. K. Šaumjan, "Linguistic Generation Model Based on the Two Degree Principle," Problems in the Knowledge of Languages, 1963; 2) S. K. Šaumjan and P. A. Soboleff, Applied Generation Model and Calculation of Transformation in the Russian Language, Moscow, 1963; 3) S. K. Šaumjan, "Transformation Grammar and Applied Generation Model," collection Methods of Transformation in Structural Linguistics, Moscow, 1964. The complete de scription of the applied generation model can be found in my book, Structural Linguistics, in course of publication in the "Science" ("Naouka") series. I am also preparing in collaboration with P. A. Soboleff a systematic description of the Russian language on the basis of the applied generation model.

12 The detailed characteristics of non-linear logical systems of abstract objects, in the terminology of H. B. Curry ‘O Systems ‘, are given in the book by this author Foundations of Mathematical Logic, New York, 1963.

13 Preliminary information on this research is given in the reports of S. K. Šaumjan and P. A. Soboleff, "'The Applied Generation Model and the Auto matic Obtainment of Semantic Classes and Subclasses," Problems of Formalisation of Semantics—Summary of the Reports of the Scientific Conference, Moscow, 1964.

14 R. Jakobson, "Linguistic and Communication Theory," Proceedings of Sym posia in Applied Mathematics, vol. XII, 1961, p. 250-251.

15 A. A. Liapounoff, "Concerning the General Problems of Cybernetics," The Problems of Cybernetics, 1958, 1st ed.; A. Turing, Can the Machine Think? (trans lated from English, Moscow, 1960).

16 Bar-Hillel, "Decision Procedure in Natural Languages," Logic and Analysis, new series, 2nd year, January 1959.