Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xfwgj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-27T10:05:34.588Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Simultaneous Cluster Analysis of Cognitive, Emotional, and Personality Factors and Insomnia and Sleep Quality Among Earthquake Victims

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 March 2019

Habibolah Khazaie ,
Ali Zakiei  and
Saeid Komasi
Habibolah Khazaie
Affiliation:
Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Ali Zakiei*
Affiliation:
Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Saeid Komasi
Affiliation:
Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to Mr Zakiei,Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran (e-mail: zakieiali@yahoo.com).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective

The current study compares the measures of sleep quality and intensity of insomnia based on the clustering analysis of variables including dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, experiential avoidance, personality traits of neuroticism, and complications with emotion regulation among the individuals struck by an earthquake in Kermanshah Province.

Methods

This study is a cross-sectional study that was carried out among earthquake victims of Kermanshah Province (western Iran) in 2017. Data were gathered starting 10 days after the earthquake and lasted for 2 weeks; of 1,200 standard questionnaires distributed, 1,001 responses were received, and the analysis was performed using 999 participants. The data analysis was carried out using a cluster analysis (K-mean method).

Results

Two clusters were identified, and there is a significant difference between these two clusters in regard to all of the variables. The cluster with higher mean values for the selected variables shows a higher intensity of insomnia and a lower sleep quality.

Conclusions

Considering the current results, it can be concluded that variables of dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs about sleep, experiential avoidance, the personality traits of neuroticism, and complications with emotion regulation are able to identify the clusters where there is a significant difference in regard to sleep quality and the intensity of insomnia. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:745–752)

Keywords

cluster analysisinsomniapsychological factorssleep quality
Type
Original Research
Information
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness , Volume 13 , Issue 4 , August 2019 , pp. 745 - 752
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc. 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Tempesta, D, Curcio, G, De Gennaro, L, Ferrara, M. Long-term impact of earthquakes on sleep quality. PLoS One. 2013;8:e55936.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galambos, NL, Howard, AL, Maggs, JL. Rise and fall of sleep quantity and quality with student experiences across the first year of university. J Res Adolesc. 2011;21:342–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, RE, Roberts, CR, Xing, Y. Restricted sleep among adolescents: prevalence, incidence, persistence, and associated factors. Behav Sleep Med. 2011;9:18–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watts, FN, Coyle, K, East, MP. The contribution of worry to insomnia. Br J Clin Psychol. 1994;33:211–220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lund, HG, Reider, BD, Whiting, AB, Prichard, JR. Sleep patterns and predictors of disturbed sleep in a large population of college students. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46:124–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandekerckhove, M, Cluydts, R. The emotional brain and sleep: an intimate relationship. Sleep Med Rev. 2010;14:219–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aldao, A, Nolen-Hoeksema, S, Schweizer, S. Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010;30:217–237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davoodi, I, Neisi, A, Khazei, H, et al. The roles of some cognitive and emotional factors in predicting insomnia. Mazandaran Med J. 2017;27:107–121.Google Scholar
Scheier, MF, Carver, CS, Bridges, MW. Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the life orientation test. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1994;67:1063.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duggan, KA, Friedman, HS, McDevitt, EA, Mednick, SC. Personality and healthy sleep: the importance of conscientiousness and neuroticism. PLoS One. 2014;9:e90628.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, H-N, Cho, J, Chang, Y, et al. Association between personality traits and sleep quality in young Korean women. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0129599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morin, CM. Insomnia: psychological assessment and management. New York City, NY: Guilford Press; 1993.Google Scholar
Harvey, AG. A cognitive model of insomnia. Behav Res Ther. 2002;40:869–893.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Twohig, MP. Acceptance and commitment therapy: introduction. Cogn Behav Pract. 2012;19:499–507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buysse, DJ, Reynolds, CF 3rd, Monk, TH, et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28:193–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bastien, CH, Vallières, A, Morin, CM. Validation of the insomnia severity index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Med. 2001;2:297–307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gratz, KL, Roemer, L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2004;26:41–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, SC, Strosahl, K, Wilson, KG, et al. Measuring experiential avoidance: a preliminary test of a working model. Psychol Record. 2004;54:553–578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abasi, E, Fti, L, Molodi, R, Zarabi, H. Psychometric properties of Persian Version of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II. J Psychol Mod Meth. 2013;3:65–80.Google Scholar
Morin, CM, Vallières, A, Ivers, H. Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep (DBAS): validation of a brief version (DBAS-16). Sleep. 2007;30:1547–1554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M, Kuhlman, DM, Joireman, J, et al. A comparison of three structural models for personality: the big three, the big five, and the alternative five. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993;65:757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, EO, Roth, T, Schultz, L, Breslau, N. Epidemiology of DSM-IV insomnia in adolescence: lifetime prevalence, chronicity, and an emergent gender difference. Pediatrics. 2006;117:e247–e256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varela, E, Koustouki, V, Davos, CH, Eleni, K. Psychological consequences among adults following the 1999 earthquake in Athens, Greece. Disasters. 2008;32:280–291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Usami, M, Iwadare, Y, Kodaira, M, et al. Sleep duration among children 8 months after the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami. PLoS One. 2013;8:e65398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jansson‐Fröjmark, M, Norell‐Clarke, A, Linton, SJ. The role of emotion dysregulation in insomnia: longitudinal findings from a large community sample. Br J Health Psychol. 2016;21:93–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sandru, C, Voinescu, BI. The relationship between emotion regulation, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and sleep quality – an exploratory study. J Evid Based Psychother. 2014;14:249.Google Scholar
Palagini, L, Mauri, M, Dell’Osso, L, et al. Trait-and pre-sleep-state-dependent arousal in insomnia disorders: what role may sleep reactivity and sleep-related metacognitions play? A pilot study. Sleep Med. 2016;25:42–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gresham, D, Gullone, E. Emotion regulation strategy use in children and adolescents: the explanatory roles of personality and attachment. Pers Individ Dif. 2012;52:616–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Twohig, MP, Hayes, SC, Masuda, A. Increasing willingness to experience obsessions: acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behav Ther. 2006;37:3–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watson, D, Pennebaker, JW. Health complaints, stress, and distress: exploring the central role of negative affectivity. Psychol Rev. 1989;96:234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cappuccio, FP, Taggart, FM, Kandala, N-B, et al. Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep. 2008;31:619–626.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, PG, Moroz, TL. Personality vulnerability to stress-related sleep disruption: pathways to adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Pers Individ Dif. 2009;46:598–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Espie, CA. Understanding insomnia through cognitive modelling. Sleep Med. 2007;8:S3–S8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zakiei, A, Ghasemi, SR, Gilan, NR, et al. Mediator role of experiential avoidance in relationship of perceived stress and alexithymia with mental health. East Mediterr Health J. 2017;23:335–341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed