Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vpsfw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-20T07:22:30.439Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

XVII.—The Craniology, Racial Affinities, and Descent of the Aborigines of Tasmania

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2012

Extract

The Anatomical Museum of the University of Edinburgh contains a valuable collection of the skulls of the aborigines of Tasmania, which has not as yet been described. As the skulls of this now extinct people are limited in number in museums, and as the opportunity of collecting additional specimens no longer exists, I have thought that an account of their characters, a detailed statement of their measurements on lines similar to those pursued in my previous craniological memoirs, and a comparison of their conformation with that of the Tasmanian skulls in other collections, as described by previous writers, would be of interest to anthropologists, and might assist in the preparation of a summary of their most constant features. Consideration of the affinities and possible descent of the Tasmanians may also be appropriately included in the Memoir.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1909

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Australia Directory (Bass Strait and Tasmania), vol. i., 10th edition (Admiralty publication), London, 1907.Google Scholar
Barków, H. C. L., Comparative Morphologie des Menschen, etc., Taf. x., Fig. 5; Taf. xi., Fig. 4, Breslau, 1862.Google Scholar
Barnard, James, “Aborigines of Tasmania,” Section G: Anthropology, Trans. Australian Assoc. Adv. of Science, p. 597, Melbourne, 1890.Google Scholar
Berry, R. J. A., “A Living Descendant of an Extinct Tasmanian Race,” Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, 20 (N.S.), part i., 1907. A visit is described made in January 1907 to Kangaroo Island, at the entrance of the Gulf of St Vincent, South Australia, and a photograph of a woman, aged about seventy-five, is reproduced along with one of her daughters. The woman was a half-caste descendant of a white man and an aboriginal Tasmanian woman.Google Scholar
Bligh, W., Voyage to the South Sea, London, 1792.Google Scholar
Bonwick, James, The Last of The Tasmanians, London, 1870; also The Lost Tasmanian Race, London, 1884.Google Scholar
Breton, W. H., Excursions in New South Wales, Tasmania, etc., 2nd edition, London, 1834.Google Scholar
Calder, J. E., “Native Tribes of Tasmania,” Journ. Anthrop. Ind., p. 20, vol. iii., 1874.Google Scholar
Cleland, John, “An Inquiry into the Variations of the Human Skull,” Phil. Trans., London, 1869.Google Scholar
Collins, David, Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, vol. ii., p. 187, London, 1802.Google Scholar
Cook, James, A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, 1776–1780, 3rd edition, vol. i., London, 1785.Google Scholar
Crozet, Lieut., Voyage to Tasmania, New Zealand, etc., 1771–1772, translated by Ling Roth, H., London, 1891.Google Scholar
Cunningham, D. J., “Brain of the Microcephalic Idiot,” Science Trans., Royal Dublin Soc., vol. v., 1895.Google Scholar
Cunningham, D. J., “The Evolution of the Eyebrow Region of the Forehead,” Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., xlvi., part ii., 1908.Google Scholar
Cunningham, D. J., The Australian Forehead—Memorial volume to Professor Tylor, Oxford, 1907.Google Scholar
Curr, E. M., “Descent of the Tasmanian Blacks,” Proc. Geogr. Soc. Australasia, vol. ii., p. 79, Sydney, 1885.Google Scholar
Davies, R. H., Tasmanian Journal of Natural Science, Jan. 1846, pp. 409–10, quoted by Ling Roth.Google Scholar
Davis, J. Barnard, Thesaurus Craniorum, p. 267, London, 1867; and Supplement, p. 63, London, 1875.Google Scholar
Davis, J. Barnard, “Osteology and Peculiarities of the Tasmanians,” Natuur. Kund. Verhandl. der Hollandsche Maatschap. der Wetenschap, 3 Verz, Deel ii., No. 4, Haarlem, 1874.Google Scholar
Davis, J. Barnard, “Contributions towards determining the Weight of the Brain in different Races of Men,” Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 1868.Google Scholar
Duckworth, W. L. H., “Craniological Notes on the Aborigines of Tasmania,” Journ. Anthropol. Inst., p. 177, vol. xxxii., 1902, and Studies from the Anthropological Laboratory, Cambridge, 1904.Google Scholar
Duckworth, W. L. H.Notes on the Anthropological Collection in Cambridge, 1899, and Studies, op. cit.Google Scholar
Dumont D'Urville, , Voyage de la corvette “L'Astrolabe,” 1826–29, Paris, 1833; Atlas, pl. 153.Google Scholar
Dumont D'Urville, , Voyage au Póle Sud, “L'Astrolabe” et “La Zélée,” 1837–40: Zoologie, t. i., par MM. Hombron et Jacquinot, Paris, 1846; Anthropologie, t. ii., parGoogle Scholar
Jacquinot, M.; Anthropologie, Atlas, par Dr Dumoutier, Paris, 1842-1847; Texte, par Émile Blanchard, Paris, 1854.Google Scholar
Dumoutier, , “Anthropologie” in d'Urville's, DumontVoyage au Pôle Sud, Plates 22, 23 (13), 25, Paris, 18421847.Google Scholar
Dumoutier, “Le Tasmanien de Eydoux,” Bulletins de la Soc. d'Anthropologie, t. ix., p. 808, Paris, 1874.Google Scholar
Flinders, M., A Voyage to Terra Australis, 1801–1803, 2 vols., with Atlas, London, 1814.Google Scholar
Flower, W. H., Native Races of the Pacifie Ocean, Proceedings Royal Institution of Great Britain, May 31, 1878.Google Scholar
Flower, W. H., Osteological Catalogue, Museum Royal College of Surgeons of England, Part I: “Man,” London, 1879, 2nd edition, by Stewart, C., 1907.Google Scholar
Flower, W. H. “Cranial Characters of Fiji Islanders,” Journ. Anth. Inst., 1880, and “Cranial Characters of Andaman Islanders,” London, 1879, 2nd edition, by Stewart, C., Nov. 1879 and Nov. 1884.Google Scholar
Flower, and Lydekker, , Mammals, London, 1891.Google Scholar
Freycinet, Louis, in “Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes,” Navigation et Geographie, Paris, 1815.Google Scholar
Garson, J. G., Chapter on “Osteology” in Ling Koth's The Aborigines of Tasmania, 1899.Google Scholar
Gervais, Paul, Zoologie et Paléontologie générale, 2nd series, Paris, 1876.Google Scholar
Giglioli, E. H., “I Tasmaniani,” Archivio per l'Antropologia e la Etnologia, vol. i, pp. 85, 385, Firenze, 1871. A good résumé of the history and ethnology of the natives.Google Scholar
Gregory, J. W., “Australasia” in Stanford's Compendium of Geography, vol. i., 2nd edition, London, 1907.Google Scholar
Harper, Walter R., and Clarke, Arthur H., “Notes on Measurements of the Tasmanian Crania in the Tasmanian Museum, Hobart,” Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania for 1897, Hobart, 1898.Google Scholar
Hickson, S. J., in Ling Roth's The Aborigines of Tasmania, p. 226.Google Scholar
Huxley, T. H., Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature, London, 1863.Google Scholar
Huxley, T. H., “Methods and Results of Ethnology,” Proc. Roy. Institution of Great Britain, June 1865.Google Scholar
Huxley, T. H., “Distribution of the Races of Mankind,” International Congress of Prehistoric Archæology for 1868, London, 1869.Google Scholar
Huxley, T. H., “On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind,” Journ. Ethn. Soc. London, New Series, vol. ii., 1870, p. 404.Google Scholar
Klaatsch, Hermann, “Bericht ueber einen Anthropo. Streifzug nach London,” Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, p. 875, Heft 6, 1903.Google Scholar
Klaatsch, Hermann, “Reise nach Australien, Tasmanien,” Z. f. Ethnologie, p. 685, Heft iv. u. v., 1907.Google Scholar
Klaatsch, HermannErgebnisse meiner Australischen Reise,” Kor. Blatt. der Deutschen Ges. für Anth., etc., Sep.-Dez., p. 79, 1907.Google Scholar
La Billardière, J. J. De, Voyage in search of La Pérouse, 1791 and 1794, under the command of Admiral d'Entrecasteaux, translated from the French, London, 1800.Google Scholar
Laplace, C. P. T., Voyage autour du monde sur la corvette “La Favorite,” 1830–32, Paris, 1835.Google Scholar
Lesson, et Garnot, , “Mémoire sur les Tasmaniens, etc.,” Annales des Se. Naturelles, t. x., p. 149, 1827.Google Scholar
Ling Roth, H., The Aborigines of Tasmania, 2nd edition, Halifax, 1899.Google Scholar
Martin, W. C. Linnæus, General Introduction to the Natural History of Mammiferous Animals, p. 310, London, 1841. He figures a skull from Tasmania in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.Google Scholar
Meigs, J. Aitken, Catalogue of Human Crania in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1857.Google Scholar
Meyer, W. C., The Distribution of the Negritos, Dresden, 1899.Google Scholar
Monro, Alex., Elements of the Anatomy of the Human Body, 2nd edition, p. 196, Edinburgh, 1831.Google Scholar
Owen, Richard, Descriptive Catalogue of the Osteological Series of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, vol. ii., Mammalia Placentalia, p. 826, 1853.Google Scholar
Péron, F., Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes, sous Capitaine Baudin, 1800–1804: Historical part by M. Péron, 1807; Atlas by Lesueur, M M. and Petit, . Paris, 1815.Google Scholar
Pickering, C., Proc. Acad. Nat. Science, Philadelphia, p. 169, 1876, refers the Tasmanians to the Papuan race of New Guinea.Google Scholar
Prichard, J. C., Researches into the Physical History of Mankind, vol. v., p. 239, 1847.Google Scholar
Prichard, J. C.Natural History of Man, 4th edition, by Norris, E., vol. ii., p. 467, London, 1855.Google Scholar
de Quatrefages, et Hamy, , Crania Ethnica, Texte et Atlas, Paris, 1882.Google Scholar
Schwalbe, G., A series of Memoirs on Pithecanthropus, the Neanderthal and other prehistoric skulls in Zeitsch. für Morph. und Anthrop. from 1899 to 1906.Google Scholar
Sergi, Guiseppe, “Le Varietà Umane,” Atti della Società Romana di Antropologia, vol. i., Roma, 1893, also translated in Smithsonian miscellaneous collections, Washington, 1894.Google Scholar
Smyth, R. Brough, The Aborigines of Australia, vol. ii., p. 382, Melbourne and London, 1878.Google Scholar
Sollas, W. J., “On the Cranial and Facial Characters of the Neanderthal Race,” Phil. Trans., vol. 199, B., 1907.Google Scholar
Strzelecki, Paul E. De, Physical Description of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land, London, 1845.Google Scholar
Thomson, Arthur, and Randall-Maciveb, D., The Ancient Races of the Thebaid, Oxford, 1905.Google Scholar
Topinard, Paul, Étude sur les Races Indigènes de l'Australie, Paris, 1872.Google Scholar
Topinard, Paul, “Etude sur les Tasmaniens,” Mém. de la Soc. d'Anthropologie, t. iii., p. 307, 1872.Google Scholar
Topinard, Paul, “Examen des mesures craniométriques adoptées par le Thesaurus craniorum de M. Barnard Davis, et en particulier de celles de la série des Tasmaniens,” Revue d'Anthropologie, t. ii., p. 99, 1873.Google Scholar
Turner, Wm., “The Fossil Skull Controversy on Human Crania allied in anatomical characters to the Engis and Neanderthal Skulls,” Quarterly Journal of Science, April 1864. Additional notes on the Neanderthal skull, idem, October 1864.Google Scholar
Turner, Wm., “Human Crania and Skeletons collected during the voyage of the “Challenger,” 1873-1876, Reports, part xxix., 1884; part xlvii., 1886.Google Scholar
Turner, Wm.The Negritos and the Sakai,” in Contributions to Indian Craniology in Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., pp. 113, 118, part i., vol. xl., 1901, and on the Natives of Borneo, Malaya, etc., in the same Transactions, p. 810, part iii., vol. xlv., 1907.Google Scholar
Turner, Wm.Decorated and Sculptured Skulls from New Guinea,” Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin, p. 553, July 1899, vol. xxii., 1900.Google Scholar
Turner, Wm.Relations of the Dentary Arcades in the Crania of Australian Aborigines,” Jour. Anat. and Phys., p. 461, vol. xxv., 1891.Google Scholar
Turner, Wm. On “Pithecanthropus erectus,” Journ. Anat. and Phys., p. 424, vol. xxix., 1895.Google Scholar
Wallace, A. R., The Malay Archipelago, London, 1866.Google Scholar
Walker, G. W., and Walker, J. B., “Notes on the Aborigines of Tasmania,” Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania for 1897, p. 145, Hobart, 1898.Google Scholar
Waterston, David, “Skulls from New Caledonia,” Journal Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. xxxvii., 1908.Google Scholar
Wieger, G., Katalog der anthropologischen Sammlung des Anatomischen Instituts zu Breslau, Festgabe, Braunschweig, 1884.Google Scholar
Williamson, George, “Observations on the Human Crania in the Museum of the Army Medical Department, Fort Pitt, Chatham,” Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science, vol. xxiii., p. 325; vol. xxiv., p. 42, May and August 1857.Google Scholar