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Theoretical inversion of the fossil hydrothermal systems with oxygen isotopes of constituent minerals partially re-equilibrated with externally infiltrated fluids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 June 2021

Chun-Sheng WEI Open the ORCID record for Chun-Sheng WEI [Opens in a new window]  and
Zi-Fu ZHAO
Chun-Sheng WEI*
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China.
Zi-Fu ZHAO
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China.
*
*Corresponding author. Email: wchs@ustc.edu.cn
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Abstract

While the external infiltration of water has been identified from modern geothermal and/or fossil hydrothermal systems through stable isotopes, the physicochemical boundary conditions like the initial oxygen isotopes of water $( {{\rm \delta }^{ 18}{\rm O}_{\rm W}^{\rm i} } ) $ and rock as well as alteration temperature were implicitly presumed or empirically estimated by the conventional forward modelling. In terms of a novel procedure proposed to deal with partial re-equilibration of oxygen isotopes between constituent minerals and water, the externally infiltrated meteoric and magmatic water are theoretically inverted from the early Cretaceous post-collisional granitoid and intruded Triassic gneissic country rock across the Dabie orogen in central-eastern China. The meteoric water with a $ {{\rm \delta }^{ 18}{\rm O}_{\rm W}^{\rm i} } $ value of −11.01 ‰ was externally infiltrated with a granitoid and thermodynamically re-equilibrated with rock-forming minerals at 140°C with a minimum water/rock (W/R)o ratio around 1.10 for an open system. The lifetime of this meteoric hydrothermal system is kinetically constrained less than 0.7 million years (Myr) via modelling of surface reaction oxygen exchange. A gneissic country rock, however, was externally infiltrated by a magmatic water with $ {{\rm \delta }^{ 18}{\rm O}_{\rm W}^{\rm i} } $ value of 4.21 ‰ at 340°C with a (W/R)o ratio of 1.23, and this magmatic hydrothermal system could last no more than 12 thousand years (Kyr) to rapidly re-equilibrate with rock-forming minerals. Nevertheless, the external infiltration of water can be theoretically inverted with oxygen isotopes of re-equilibrated rock-forming minerals, and the ancient hydrothermal systems driven by magmatism or metamorphism within continental orogens worldwide can be reliably quantified.

Keywords

central-eastern ChinaDabie orogenmagmatic watermeteoric water
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Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 112 , Issue 2 , June 2021 , pp. 101 - 110
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Royal Society of Edinburgh

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