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XII.—Ice-Erosion in the Cuillin Hills, Skye

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2012

Alfred Harker
Affiliation:
Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge H.M. Geological Survey of Scotland.

Extract

Since the publication in 1840 of a brief but valuable memoir by J. D. Forbes, in which that author drew attention to “the traces of ancient glaciers” in the Cuillin Hills, that district has remained almost unnoticed by glacial geologists for half a century. This neglect is doubtless attributable chiefly to the difficulty of access to the mountains, a consequence of their peculiar configuration, which in turn is closely bound up with the glacial history of the district. The present contribution is the outcome of observations made during the years 1895–1900 in mapping the central part of Skye for the Geological Survey of Scotland. In traversing the mountains day after day throughout several successive seasons, the writer has been struck especially by the impressive evidence which they present of glacial erosion as the dominant factor in their sculpture, and to enforce this is the chief object of the present communication.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1905

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References

page 221 note * Forbes, J. D., “Notes on the. Topography and Geology of the Cuchullin Hills in Skye, and on the Traces of Ancient Glaciers which they Present,” Edin. Neu Phil. Journ., vol. xl. pp. 76–99, pl. iv., v., 1846Google Scholar. Among scattered notices of later date, see Geikie, A., “On the Phenomena of the Glacial Drift of Scotland,” Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasg., vol. i. part ii., 1863Google Scholar; and J. Geikie, The Great Ice Age; also for the adjacent Red Hills, Bonney, T. G., “On a Cirque in the Syenite Hills of Skye,” Geol. Mag. 1871, pp. 535540CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

page 221 note † Some of these observations have been briefly recorded in the Summary of Progess for 1897 and 1898. Sec also Harker, “Glaciated Valleys in the Cuillins, Skye,” Geol. Mag. 1899, pp. 196–199. In the following pages the subject is developed more fully than would be convenient in an official publication.

page 222 note * The maps illustrating the present paper are, Scotland (one-inch), sheets 70 and 71; Skye (six-inch), sheets 38, 39, 44, 45, 49, and 50. A reduced copy of the six-inch map of the Cuillins, with additional names and heights, is given in No. 25 of the Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal, issued January 1898. For some corrections of the topography of the ridges, see a rough sketch map by C. Pilkington, pub. 1890 (Manchester); also Douglas, W., S.M.O.J., vol. iv. pp. 209213, 1897Google Scholar: and A. Harker, ibid., vol. vi. pp. 1–13, 1900.

page 223 note * “The lofty Coolin Mountains of Skye …. formed of themselves a centre of dispersion, but the northern parts of the island were overflowed by the ice that crest out from the great glens of Ross.”—The Great Ice Age, p. 83 nf third edition, 1894.

page 223 note † It would perhaps be more accurate to say that if, at an early stage, the Scottish ice did obtain a footing among the Skye mountains, it has left absolutely no trace of its occupation; and the episode, if it ever occurred, is not to be reckoned with as a factor in the glaciation of the area as it is now to be studied.

page 224 note * This remark applies to the occasional boulders, some of large size, found in places along and above the sealochs. Where the present coast-line lies near what was the boundary of the Scottish ice, as in many places between Broadford and Loch Ainort, we find on the beach more numerous fragments of foreign rocks, doubtless washed out of the ground-moraine of the Scottish ice-sheet.

page 227 note * See Harker, , “Notes on Subaërial Erosion in the Isle of Skye,” Geol. Mag. 1899, pp. 485491CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

page 230 note * M'Gee, W. J., “Glacial Canons,” Journ. of Geol., vol. ii. pp. 350364, 1864Google Scholar.

page 231 note * Harta Corrie is the only exception, and here we have already seen that, at the maximum glaciation, the ice when it reached the curve no longer followed the direction of the valley.

page 233 note * Something comparable with this has been described by Dr W. T. Blanford in the Great Glen of Scotland (On a Particular Form of Surface, apparently the Result of Glacial Erosion, seen on Loch Lochy and Elsewhere,” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. lvi. pp. 198203, pl. ix., 1900Google Scholar). There are, however, considerable differences between the two cases.

page 234 note * Davis, W. M., “Glacial Erosion in the Valley of the Ticino,” Appalachia, vol. ix. pp. 136156, pl. xv., xvi., 1900Google Scholar; Glacial Erosion in France, Switzerland, and Norway,” Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol xxix. pp 273322, pl. 1–3, 1900Google Scholar.

page 235 note * Gaelic Coirè, a cauldron: the term is, however, loosely applied in common usage to the whole valley.

page 238 note * See Section, Geol. Mag. 1899, p. 197, fig. 2.

page 239 note * The principal difficulty was in finding sufficiently calm weather. In a wind it was found impossible to keep the boat in place while a sounding was made and the position determined.

page 241 note * Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxiii. pp. 162, 163, 1877Google Scholar.

page 244 note * Further west the basalt has often been discarded and only the granite and gabbro boulders counted.

page 249 note * On Forbes' small sketch-map Coir' a' Ghrunnda appears as “Bottomless Corry.” The moraine is marked with the letter E on our map; see also fig. 6.

page 251 note * See Geol. Mag. 1899, pp. 485–491.