^{page 530 note *} Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. xviii. 1854, p. 377.

^{page 531 note *} Stirpium Adversaria Nova, authoribus Petro Pena et Mathia de Lobel, Medicis. Londini, 1570, p. 103. (Quoted by DrNorris, , The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, vol. xliv. 1862, p. 399.Google Scholar)

^{page 531 note †} Opera Medica.

^{page 531 note ‡} Strychnomania, 1677.

^{page 531 note §} Journal de Médecine, Chirurgie et Pharmacie, etc., tome xxiv. 1776, pp. 310–332.

^{page 531 note ║} Traité philosophique et expérimental de Matière Médicale et Thérapeutique, traduit par Majon et Rognetta, 1839, p. 537.

^{page 531 note ¶} Gazette Hebdomadaire, 10 Avril 1863.

^{page 531 note **} Loc. cit.

^{page 531 note ††} Traité des Plantes Médicinales Indigènes, 1855.

^{page 531 note ‡‡} The Edinburgh Medical Journal, vol. iv. 1859, pp. 1–7.

^{page 531 note §§} L'Union Médicale, Juillet 1859.

^{page 531 note ║║} The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, vol. xliii. January 1862, p. 54.

^{page 531 note ¶¶} Ibid., vol. xliv. October 1862, p. 395.

^{page 531 note ***} De L'Antagonisme en Pathologie et en Thérapeutique, 1866, pp. 92–115.

^{page 532 note *} The Old Vegetable Neurotics, 1869.

^{page 532 note †} Dictionnaire Encyclopédique des Sciences Médicales (Atropine), tome vii. 1867, p. 215.

^{page 532 note ‡} Gazette des Hôpitaux, 1864.

^{page 532 note §} Etude sur l'antagonisme de l'opium et de la belladonne. Thèse de Paris, 1865.

^{page 532 note ║} Schmidt's Jahrbucher, 1865, Bd. 128, p. 288.

^{page 532 note ¶} Journal de la Physiologie de l'homme et des animaux, tome 3^me, 1860, p. 726.

^{page 532 note **} Interesting accounts of several of these contrary actions, founded on careful clinical observation, have been published by DrsMitchell, , Keen, , and Morehouse, (see their paper “On the Antagonism of Atropia and Morphia,” in the American Jour. of the Med. Sciences, Vol. L. 1865, p. 67CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and also by DrErlenmeyer, (for an abstract of whose paper, see “L'antagonisme de l'opium et de la belladonne,” by Dr Raynaud, Paris, 1866, p. 40)Google Scholar.

^{page 533 note *} Die Blausäure. Physiologisch Untersucht. Von W. Preyer, Dr. Med. et Phil. Bonn, 1870.

^{page 533 note †} Ueber die physiologischen Wirkungen des schwefelsauren Atropins. Von A. v. Bezold und Dr Friedr. Blœaum. (Untersuchungen aus dem physiologischen Laboratorium in Würzburg. 1867.)

^{page 533 note ‡} The Physiological Effects and Therapeutical Uses of Atropia and its Salts, 1869, p. 25.

^{page 534 note *} Das Muscarin. Das Giftige alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes. Von DrSchmiedeberg, Oswald and DrKoppe, Richard. Leipzig, 1869.Google Scholar

^{page 534 note †} Pelletier, et Caventou, . See Dictionnaire Encyclopédique des Sciences Médicales (Antidote), tome 5^me, 1866, p. 322Google Scholar.

^{page 534 note ‡} Vella, L.. Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, xlix. 1859, p. 330Google Scholar, and li. 1860, p. 353.

^{page 534 note §} Woakes, E.. The British Medical Journal, October 26, 1861, p. 440.Google Scholar

^{page 534 note ║} Haughton, S.. Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science, August 1862Google Scholar.

^{page 534 note ¶} Saison, F.A.. Du Bromure de Potassium et de son Antagonism avec la Strychnine. Paris, 1868.Google Scholar

^{page 534 note **} Gallard, T.. Annales d'Hygiène publique et de Médicine Légale, t. xxiv. 1865, pp. 182–184.Google Scholar

^{page 534 note ††} Liebreich, Oscar, Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, lxx. 1870, p. 403Google Scholar; Bennett, , Edinburgh Medical Journal, 1870, v. 16, part 1, p. 262Google Scholar; Groves, , Medical Press and Circular, 1870, p. 398.Google Scholar

^{page 534 note ‡‡} Gray, J. St Clair. Glasgow Medical Journal, February 1871, p. 188.Google Scholar

^{page 534 note §§} Gubler. Société Médicale des hôpitaux, 10 Février, 1858; and Commentaires Thérapeutiques du Codex Medicamentarius, 1868, p. 591.

^{page 534 note ║║} Falin. Thèse, 1860. (Quoted by CAMUS, op. cit. p. 122.)

^{page 535 note *} Gubler. Bulletin Général de Thérapeutique, tome lxvii. 1864, p. 9.

^{page 535 note †} Gubler, . Dictionnaire Encyclopédique des Sciences Médicales (Antidote), tome 5^me, 1866, p. 322.Google Scholar

^{page 535 note ‡} “On the Characters, Actions, and Therapeutic Uses of the Ordeal Bean of Old Calabar.” Edinburgh Medical Journal, vol. ix. 1863, p. 245Google Scholar; and reprint, p. 19. See also, “On the Physiological Action of the Calabar Bean.” Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. xxiv. part iii. 1866–7, p. 740Google Scholar.

^{page 535 note §} “On the Calabar Bean: its Action, Preparations, and Use.” Lancet, 1863; and pamphlet, pp. 12–15.

^{page 535 npte ║} Recherches Chimiques et Physiologiques sur la Fève du Calabar (Thèse). Par le Dr Amédée Vée. Paris, 1865, pp. 28–30.

^{page 535 note ¶} “On the Physiological Actions of the Ordeal Bean of Calabar, and on its Antagonism to Tetanus and Strychnia Poisoning.” Edinburgh Medical Journal, vol. xii. May 1867, p. 999Google Scholar; and reprint, pp. 17–25.

^{page 535 note **} “On Chloral in Phthisis, and its Antagonism to the poisonous effects of Calabar Bean.” The Practitioner, vol. iv. 1870, p. 262.

^{page 536 note *} Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1868–69, pp. 587–590.

^{page 536 note †} Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift, No. 38, 1864, p. 369.

^{page 536 note ‡} De l'Emploi de la Fève de Calabar dans le Traitaient du Tetanus Paris, 1867.

^{page 537 note *} Since this sentence was written, I have received a more recent paper by M. Bourneville, which contains evidence of an absolutely satisfactory nature regarding the power of atropia to counteract the lethal action of physostigma. It is entitled, “De l'Antagonisme de la Fève de Calabar et de l'Atropine,” and appears to be a reprint from the “Revue Photographique des Hôpitaux,” of June 1870. A description is given of five experiments on guinea pigs, in which non-lethal doses of atropia were administered a few minutes after lethal doses of extract of physostigma, with the result that recovery took place in all of the experiments. The great value of the evidence contained in this paper depends on the fact that the doses of physostigma given were proved to be at least equal to the minimum lethal. This was accomplished in much the same way as has been described in my preliminary note in the Proceedings of this Society, and in my communication to the “Practitioner” of February 1870.

^{page 537 note †} Loc. cit. p. 46.

^{page 538 note *} This alkaloid was first separated by me in 1863; and in a paper published in 1864 (“On the Moth of the Eserĕ, or Ordeal Bean of Old Calabar,” Annals and Magazine of Natural History, May, 1864), I named it Eserinia, from Eserĕ, the usual name of the ordeal poison at Calabar. Since then I have, in various publications, adhered to this name, and it has been almost invariably adopted by French physiologists and chemists. The reasons in favour of designating an active principle, derived from the vegetable kingdom, by a modification of the generic name of its botanical source are, however, so numerous and weighty, that I have thought it right in the present communication to follow the usual practice. This I have the more readily done, as the name physostigmia (or physostigmin) is now commonly to be met with in the writings of German physiologists.

^{page 542 note *} The price of sulphate of atropia being a little more than fifteen shillings for sixty grains, the question of expense becomes worthy of consideration.

^{page 542 note †} The minimum lethal dose of sulphate of atropia, administered subcutaneously, appears to be smaller for dogs than for rabbits. Among other experiments, I have performed the following:—A dog, weighing seven pounds and fifteen ounces, received twenty grains, and recovery followed; but when a dose of twenty-five grains was given to the same dog, eight days subsequently, death occurred in twenty-three minutes. Another dog, weighing sixteen pounds, which, seven days previously, had recovered after the administration of ten grains, died on the fourth day after it had received fifteen grains.

^{page 555 note *} As has been frequently noticed in similar experiments, the bladder of this rabbit contained a large quantity of urine. I endeavoured to ascertain whether physostigma is excreted by the kidneys, by the following process:—About two ounces of this urine was evaporated at a low temperature on a water bath, and the residue carefully mixed with a little rectified spirit, and the mixture was then filtered, and in its turn evaporated to dryness at a low temperature. Then the extract thus obtained was triturated with a very little distilled water, and a drop of the resulting fluid was applied to the right eyeball of a rabbit, it having been previously ascertained that both pupils measured of an inch. The pupils were carefully measured at frequent intervals during the following hour and twenty minutes, and it was found that no change occurred in the size of either. It is therefore highly improbable that the physostigma is excreted by the kidneys.

^{page 580 note *} Loc. cit., p. 589.

^{page 582 note *} Tabular Summary, Series 1, Table 2.

^{page 582 note †} Except in two cases, the numbers of these experiments have reference to the arrangement that has been followed in the Tabular Summary at the end of the paper, where the leading facts connected with all the experiments belonging to this Section of the research are mentioned.

^{page 582 note ‡} A full description of the experiment has already been given in Section A. (see p. 544).

^{page 583 note *} Tabular Summary, Series 1, Table 3.

^{page 584 note *} Tabular Summary, Series 1, Table 4.

^{page 584 note †} Ibid., Table 5.

^{page 586 note *} Tabular Summary, Series 1, Table 6.

^{page 586 note †} A full description of this experiment has already been given in Section A. (see p. 546).

^{page 586 note ‡} Tabular Summary, Series 1, Table 7.

^{page 586 note §} Five days after this experiment, the rabbit became weak and languid; from that time it gradually lost weight and condition; and on the twentieth day, it died. The usual experiment with a dose of physostigma alone could not, therefore, be made.

^{page 587 note *} Tabular Summary, Series 1, Table 8.

^{page 589 note *} Tabular Summary, Series i. Table 1.

^{page 591 note *} Tabular Summary, Series ii. Table 2.

^{page 592 note *} Tabular Summary, Series ii. Table 3.

^{page 593 note *} Tabular Summary, Series ii. Table 4.

^{page 594 note *} Tabular Summary, Series ii. Table 5.

^{page 594 note †} Ibid., Table 6.

^{page 595 note *} Tabular Summary, Series ii. Table 7.

^{page 597 note *} Tabular Summary, Series ii. Table 1.

^{page 600 note *} Tabular Summary, Series iii. Table 1.

^{page 600 note †} Ibid. Table 2.

^{page 604 note *} Tabular Summary, Series iii. Table 3.